Kant s Philosophy Of Philosophy - 2351 Words

The eighteenth-century German philosopher, tutor and professor, Immanuel Kant, contributed highly complex deontological works of philosophy during the time of the Age of Enlightenment—an era when learned men in society urged others to live according to reason and individualism, rather than continuing simply to follow tradition. This was a time for questioning, for employing scientific, evidentiary knowledge where once there had been action only according to faith, to unsupported beliefs. Kant s works aided in bringing important changes to the fields of epistemology and metaphysics; changes most famously outlined in his work, Critique of Pure Reason (1781). This was followed by: Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals (1785); Critique of Practical Reason (1788); and Metaphysics of Morals (1798). Despite their importance in the philosophical canon, Kantian ethics have the power to confound, imbued as they are with contradiction, and the flaws that inevitably attach to human th inking and reasoning in context with experience. Kant believed in acting from duty above all else, and that to do so in a moral fashion meant that one should act free of any self-interest or direct inclination—for example, even if one were to feel so grief-stricken as to wish for death, one s duty would be to continue to live rather than taking one s life; but the action of continuing to live would derive moral worth only from the choice to live for the sake of duty, and not because one had anyShow MoreRelatedKant s Philosophy Of Philosophy1220 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom the philosophical teachings of David Hume, when Immanuel Kant—Father of Western philosophy—entered the picture. Kant’s â€Å"central question was whether metaphysics—as the science of being itself—objects as they exist fundamentally and independently of our perceptions and interpretations, is possible† (Richards 1). It is said that Kant was sent to rescue philosophy f rom the hands of Hume. After consulting Hume’s works, however, Kant came to the â€Å"conclusion that metaphysics was not possible, butRead MoreKant s Philosophy On Moral Philosophy Essay1519 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough Kant s philosophy, outlined in The Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals, has some value as a moral guide, it alone is not always sufficient. After analysing Kant s objective moral imperative, I will show that implementing his philosophy has the potential to permit what is considered to be immoral. This is due to its rigid conditions, which are formed on the basis that he believes in the existence of a perfect morality that always holds true. However, I will argue that there is notRead MoreImmanuel Kant s Philosophy And Philosophy1389 Words   |  6 PagesResearch Paper- Immanuel Kant Immanuel Kant was a famous philosopher whose philosophical influences impacted almost every new philosophical idea, theory, concept etc. In a sense, he was considered the central face of contemporary philosophy. Kant spent his whole life in Russia. Starting out as a tutor, to then a professor, he lectured about everything; from geography to obviously philosophy. In his early life, he was raised to emphasize faith and religious feelings over reason and theological principlesRead MoreImmanuel Kant s Philosophy On Philosophy844 Words   |  4 Pagesnot know where and what to follow. Therefore, many philosophers came up with ideas to convince people to live  ¨better ¨. Rationalism related with the overview of mathematical approaches into philosophy during the period by the major rationalist figures such as Descartes, Leibniz and Spinoza developed people ´s way of thinking in many different ways. Rationalism is perspective which engages the rational and deductive reason, an opposit e structure from personal experience or teachings as the foundationRead MoreKant And Kant s Philosophy1657 Words   |  7 Pagesuniversal a priori condition which alone things can become objects of our cognition in general[.]† -Immanuel Kant, p 20 of Critique of Judgment This quote most aptly describes Kant’s purpose in writing a critique of aesthetic judgment, with the most important term being â€Å"transcendental.† The Oxford Dictionary defines the word as â€Å"presupposed in and necessary to experience† (what Kant refers to as a priori). In this sense, it is something that pertains to elements of human experience and thenRead MoreKant And Kant s Moral Philosophy Essay1709 Words   |  7 PagesMoral Philosophy Every moral philosopher has their own moral approach and method to arriving at a moral decision. This is an overview of Kant, Mill, Aristotle and Held s moral approaches as well as their similarities and differences to each other. Kant s main point in The Categorical Imperative is that the morality of one s actions should be judged based on the motives behind the action. Kant also states that the only correct maxims are those which are universal laws. According to Kant, ourRead MoreKant s Philosophy On Moral Philosophy1515 Words   |  7 PagesImmanuel Kant presented his most notable positions on moral philosophy in his book The Groundwork of Metaphysics of Morals. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel subsequently presented a number of objections to Kant’s positions, mainly in his book The Phenomenology of Spirit. Hegel presents objections to Kant in two different ways, implicitly and explicitly. Hegel gives arguments against Kant’s moral theory as well as the general philosophical thought that produces the moral theory that Kant presents. ButRead MoreKant And Kant s Philosophy2023 Words   |  9 PagesImmanuel Kant was an exceptional philosopher who often fantasized about the wonders of the human per ception. Through the power of imagination in the human mind Kant was able to postulate possible answers to the great questions of existence. He was daring and bold to wonder what constitutes the beauty of the human soul, how the existence of an all-powerful entity would be possible, and also what do human beings really do to perceive their surroundings. With such notable works as Critiques of PracticalRead MoreKant s Philosophy On Moral Philosophy1991 Words   |  8 PagesKant really focuses his arguments regarding to moral rules that are necessary and universal, such as moral law that would hold up to all rational beings. In Kantian ethics, Kant offers two different explanations of moral law, the formula of the universal law of nature and the formula of humanity as an end in itself. In this paper, I am going to focus on explaining, reconstruct, and analyze on the first topic which is the formula of the universal law of nature regarding to the lying promise. KantRead MoreKant And Kant s Theory Of Philosophy953 Words   |  4 PagesINFLUENCED BY: Kant was influenced by the scientist known for discovering gravity, Isaac Newton. Kant viewed the universe in a very mechanistic way, i.e., things operated according to fixed rules and emphasized the pre-eminence of reason as an authority for knowledge. It was this emphasis on reason that lead him towards his deontological theory, therefore he was concerned with the actions, not the consequences. Kant theory was influenced by: †¢ Religion: Kant thinking was used in Britain to challenge

Myer Australia Case - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 521 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/09/22 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? Firm overview Myer is an iconic Australia department store brand for over 100 years. It has grown through a combination of organic growth and acquisitions. Myer currently operate 65 department stores in all major shopping centres across Australia. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Myer Australia Case" essay for you Create order It targets a broad range of Australian population, offering more than 600,000 product lines from over 800 suppliers internationally. The group employs 14,000 people and majority of these employees will be on the floor. As a leader in this industry, Myer generates total sales vale of over $3. billion in financial year 2009, and it has estimated the potential impact of new stores and private label on sales and earnings in the next four financial years. Myer issued the initial public offer of shares (IPO). Strength As a result of the turnaround initiatives undertaken and the large capital supported, Myers competitive advantages have been expanded. Over the last few years, Myer has a better economic profit than the average amount in the industry. Apparently Myer has a well-recognised and reputable with a history of 100 years and the offering of private label enforce the brand strength in some ways. Myer aims to provide customers with a broad range of product categories. It also offers a wide range of domestic and international brands at different price points. Myer has strong distribution channels that include four distribution centres and four international centres which provide productivity and increased international sourcing of products. As mentioned above, Myer operates 65 stores in the prime locations currently and therefore strong national store network is set up which difficult to replicate and capture. Moreover, Myer has a strong customer base, with over three million members of Myer one loyalty program. According to the data, it is approximately 185 million visits in FY2009. Challenge The challenge of Myer is how to assess and minimize the risks. In the current situation, there are risks arised from both macro environment and micro environment. The macro risk faced by Myer is the systematic risk which cannot be controlled or predicted by Myer. The financial performance of Myer and industry will be affected. The current economy conditions in Australia have been relatively stable. However, it is not a guarantee that Myer will achieve their objectives during the next financial period. On the other hand, there are a number of risks specific to Myers operation. The first one could be execution risk. As Myer is running a number of projects in parallel, it is more likely a failure of which could occur. Also, property risk may affect the new stores roll-out program. New stores will attribute a large part to Myers financial growth in the report. If there is any impact from macro economy or the EBIT protection, the new store or refurbishment could be delayed. Therefore it may not achieve their objectives properly. Moreover, inventory risk is the key risk for any retailer company. Change in any of the conditions such as weather, competitor offering could potentially result in a reduction of sales, or inventory write-downs. Furthermore, other challenges could arise from the change of customer preferences or the relationship between Myer and its suppliers. All these challenges could occur and affect Myers financial performance.

Do Teens Need Sleep - 1450 Words

Teens Need Sleep â€Å"For better teen health, push the snooze button on school start times† (Ornes). There are many risks connected to starting school too early that go from health risks to far more things. Even though changing school start times may be costly schools should start later because moving back start times would increase academic performance, lessen health problems , and reduce safety risks. The average start time of schools is 8:03 A.M (Wheaton, Ferro, and Croft 810). 8:03 is way too early for teens to get up and start trying to focus and learn and do it effectively. Students are recommended to receive 8.5 to 9 hours of sleep a night. With schools starting so early teens are not able to get the amount of sleep needed to take in as much knowledge as they could if schools started later. The main reason teens’ brains aren’t ready to operate at this early time is because the part of your brain called the circadian clock is disrupted by thrown off sleep schedules (Ornes). By this internal clock being thrown off students won’t operate to their full potential and this is why school start times must be pushed back. Boys and girls go to bed at 10:30 on average (Paksarian et al). With teenagers going to sleep on average at this time there is no way they are able to get the amount of sleep they need to function properly. 8:30 or after are when scho ols are recommended to start for proper teen sleep (Boergers). By schools pushing back their start times isShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Teens On Children s Life Essay951 Words   |  4 Pages Teens need to sleep more than bear who need to hibernate during winter for their own health. Teens need to sleep about 8 to 10 hours of sleep to function best and most teens do not get enough sleep study found that only 15 % do not sleep during school night. Teens natural sleep cycle puts them in conflict with school start times and most high school students need an alarm clock or a parent to wake them on school days. Teen are like zombies when they are getting ready for school and some teen findRead More Sleepless and Irritable956 Words   |  4 PagesMany studies have been done on how many hours of sleep teens need and how lack of sleep can affect their lives. Sleep has an impact on teens and their concentration, their mood and the way they function doing things in day to day living. Studies show that teens should sleep 8 to 10 hours a night however; many are not getting the recommended amount of sleep to help them (The Science Of Sleep. 60 Minutes. Narr. Lesley Stahl. Prod. Sha ri Finkelstein. CBS. 16 Mar 2008). A lot of teenagers stay upRead MoreSchool Should Start Later With The Lack Of Sleep1324 Words   |  6 Pagesstart later in the morning. Do teens know how many problems can come with the lack of sleep? with sleep deprivation comes many long term effects on people s mental and physical health.lacking sleep is a cause of depression, obesity ,and makes it hard to function in school. School shouldn’t start as early as it does.because, it s unhealthy and lowers academic scores. Lack of sleep puts teens at risk for mental and physical issues.Less amounts of sleep put teens at a higher risk for depressionRead MoreThe Effects Of Lack Of Sleep Deprivation On Children1315 Words   |  6 Pagesstart later in the morning. Do teens know how many problems can come with the lack of sleep? with sleep deprivation comes many long term effects on people s mental and physical health.lacking sleep is a cause of depression, obesity ,and makes it hard to function in school. School shouldn’t start as early as it does.because, it s unhealthy and lowers academic scores. Lack of sleep puts teens at risk for mental and physical issues.Less amounts of sleep put teens at a higher risk for depressionRead MoreAdolescent Sleep Deprivation: Causes, Effects, and Prevention1438 Words   |  6 PagesAdolescent Sleep Deprivation: Causes, Effects, and Prevention Adolescent sleep deprivation is a common problem in today’s society, and it is also a very dangerous one. There have been numerous studies done to determine the causes of sleep deprivation in teenagers, the most prevalent being teens not getting enough sleep due to things like jobs and early school start times. There are many perceived dangers of this, such as sleepiness while driving and a risk for hypertension. There are a few waysRead MoreShould School Day Start Later? Essay1395 Words   |  6 PagesEven though that schools are starting too early and students aren t getting enough sleep. Schools should start later because teens can get more sleep and teens can get their work on time., That schools should start later so students can learn better. because Teens are falling asleep in class because they are getting to school early. and Schools are starting too early and should start later. Students need more sleep in the morning so that when they get to school they can listen more to the teachersRead MoreTeen Texting1524 Words   |  7 PagesTexting and Teens in the Media So the news is we have indefinitely entered a new zone of communication in the twenty-first century. â€Å"They do it at night when their parents are asleep. They do it in restaurants and while crossing the streets. They do it in the classroom with their hands behind their back. They do it so much their thumbs hurt.†(Hafner) Texting and teens has become a cause for concern. The stereotype of young chatty teens spending hours on the phone has faded. The interactionsRead MoreSummary : Investigative Journalism Essay952 Words   |  4 PagesSavannah Hamman Ms. Falbo Investigative Journalism 21 October 2016 Sleep and Students She woke up and stretched the stiffness from her limbs as she glanced at the clock, squinting through the blur of her tired eyes. 6:30 am, it read back to her, she sighed as she inched her way out of bed, not wanting to reach the edge and just stay in the warmth of her cozy sheets all day. When she finally stumbled into school, the students all around her were exactly the same. They walked the halls onlyRead MoreSleep Deprivation In Adolescents. Sleep Is Very Important.1741 Words   |  7 PagesSleep Deprivation in Adolescents Sleep is very important. Many people have probably heard this many times, but often they do not realize how important it really is, especially for adolescents. A scary statistic from the National Sleep Foundation states that driving as a sleep deprived individual is equivalent to driving with a BAC (Blood Alcohol Content) of around 0.08%. Additionally, annually more than 100,000 accidents happen because of sleep deprived drivers(â€Å"Teens and Sleep†, p.1). Some peopleRead MoreSleeping Habits1419 Words   |  6 Pagesamount of sleep every night is a must if you want your body to function at its highest performance throughout the day. Over half the population in America has admitted to not getting enough sleep. Bad sleep habits can really have a negative affect on teens. There are some tips that a teen can follow to help change those habits to get a better night sleep. Hopefully after reading this paper you will be more informed on how to get a good night sleep. One of the most common tendencies that teens have is

Chief Executive Officer Compensation in the Financial...

The issue of chief executive officer compensation is the subject of dilemma in the United States. This dilemma often triggers questions as to who decides what compensation is rewarded, as well as how compensation is rewarded. The government strongly resents the current pay-ration between CEOs and the average salary of American citizens. Since the financial crisis, people have shown their displeasure with the hefty compensation chief executive officers receives. But when stunning management failures and unprecedented destruction of shareholder value are brought into the light, it becomes increasingly difficult to defend current executive remuneration policies with these economic underpinnings. For example, the â€Å"Occupy Wall Street† movement began in 2011 in protest of the increasing disparity of wealth among other reasons lying within corporate America. The peak of CEO compensation came in 2001, and it is still difficult to argue whether the financial crisis of 2008 or the change in compensation strategy has slightly stagnated the exponential growth the started in the mid 1970’s. The sentiment around the problem is whether the large banks’ CEO compensation are fair to their employees, shareholders, and the community as a whole. There is a plethora of steps to comprehend in developing how the CEO compensation debate came about. The reasons for this growth rely on bank deregulation. During difficult financial times after the mortgage crisis, arguments both for and againstShow MoreRelatedCEO Waives Annual Bonus1627 Words   |  7 Pagesone the leading supermarkets in the United Kingdom. The chain was founded in 1899 by William Morrison, with headquarters situated in Bradford, England. At the beginning of 2010, Dalton Philips was appointed Chief Executive Officer of the company. Since becoming the company’s Chief Executive, Dalton Philips has piloted Morrisons into various new business ventures geared towards the growth of profit. The company has introduced e-commerce as a means of purchasing its goods and launched a series ofRead MoreA Brief N ote On Executive Compensation And Non Monetary Benefits1444 Words   |  6 PagesThe term compensation refers to all forms of financial returns and tangible benefits that employees receive in exchange for their time, talents, efforts, performance, and results (Bernardin, 2013). Executive compensation is defined as the financial payments and non-monetary benefits provided to high level management in exchange for their work on behalf of an organization. The types of employees that are typically paid with executive compensation packages include corporate presidents, chief executiveRead MoreCompensation Program for Walt Disney Company1890 Words   |  7 PagesCompensation Program for Walt Disney Company: Walt Disney Company is an expanded global company with operations in four major business segments i.e. Studio Entertainment, Media Networks, Consumer Products and Parks and Resorts. The company has a workforce of more than 15,000 employees in more than 40 countries across the globe. In addition to having a huge workforce, the firm is largely renowned for its success and profitability in all its business segments on an annual basis. One of the most importantRead MoreTesla s Executive Compensation Policy1700 Words   |  7 Pages657 â€Å"Tesla’s Executive Compensation Policy†Ã‚ ¬ Edward E. Lalwer, a major contributor to theory, research, and practice in the fields of human resources management, compensation, organizational development, and organizational effectiveness, states an effective compensation system will support an organization s overall strategy as executive s impact many areas. Executive compensation is a business expense that should be reasonable and competitive because money spent on compensation is not availableRead MoreTyco International Accounting Fraud Case Study1544 Words   |  6 Pagesmajor player in the global electronics industry, Tyco International has claimed more than 40 major acquisitions in addition to other minor ones. Accounting Fraud Carried Out By Tyco: Tyco International is a company that mainly reflects the present state of business in the United States. Before the accounting fraud was discovered among its top management, the company had registered huge profits for more than a decade mainly through acquisitions and financial manipulations (Kay, 2002). Through theseRead MoreEffects Of A Preceptorship Program On Turnover Rate, Cost, Quality And Professional Development913 Words   |  4 Pagesthrough performance improvement. Incentive Features in CEO Compensation in the Banking Industry In general I agree that incentive features in Chief Executive Officer (CEO) compensation will lead to optimal outcomes. However, this is assuming that the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) is aware and taking actions to mitigate as much investment risk as possible. As the authors of, Incentive Features in CEO Compensation in the Banking Industry, explain, â€Å"alignment of the incentives of top managers withRead MoreCEOs, Workers, and the Costs of Excess634 Words   |  3 PagesExcess Students Name Course Title May 3, 2013 CEOs, Workers, and the Costs of Excess The term executive pay has acquired bad connotations over the past decade or so and the recent Occupy Wall Street movement brought this issue back into public consciousness on a worldwide scale (Minder, 2013). In Switzerland, the parliament recently passed legislation that would limit executive compensation excesses under threat of fines and imprisonment and the European Parliament agreed to limit banker bonusesRead MoreAustralian Securities And Investments V. Macdonald Essay1296 Words   |  6 PagesInvestments launched civil proceedings in the supreme court of New South Wales against James Hardies Industries, its directors and officers. It was found that each of them had failed in his duty to exercise care and diligence and breached the Corporation Act 2001.This case is considered as a landmark decision in Australia corporate governance as it sheds light on role of directors and executives when taking important matters to the board and implementing them. JAMES HARDIE’S PERFORMANCE James HardieRead MoreTaking a Look at the FedEx Corporation974 Words   |  4 Pagesnumber one in Express Delivery industry for customer satisfaction. Company Profile FedEx has three levels of executive positions in HR Management. The first level is Board of Directors; they in charge of information technology omission and supervise all the operations broadly, control and nominating, compensation and audit and so on. The second level is Executive President and Chief Executive Officer; they are in charge for final decisions, global activities and executive management of FedEx. Their specificRead MoreGeneral Motors : An American Based Multinational Company1543 Words   |  7 Pagescommonly known as GM. The headquarters of GM is located at Detroit, Michigan. GM is mainly famous for the designs, manufactures, markets, and distributes vehicle parts and for the financial services. The logo of General Motors: General Motors are a public based business entity and it is an automotive industry. The founders of General Motors are William C. Durant, Charles Stewart Mott and Fredrick L. Smith. It was founded in the year 1908 September 16th. GM is currently located in 396 facilities

Three Ethic Models free essay sample

This essay will explain the three ethic models, which are the utilitarian model, moral rights model and justice model (Waddell et al. 2007, 166), the application of these ethic models pertaining to the case study, and which ethic model would be best referred to in deciding the course of action to take to solve the problem that has arisen due to the circumstances that happened due to the employers forcing minimum wage exemption of their employees. (Roberts 2013) Waddell et al. (2007, 164) suggests that ethics as how people or groups perceive decisions as right or wrong differently. An ethical decision made according to the utilitarian model is defined by the most benefit for the most number of individuals. (Waddell et al. 2007, 166) Jardins and McCall (1985, 368) suggest that to further understand the meaning of employee rights, one would look at what both the managers and employees would goods both parties are aiming for in an employment agreement. Both parties will have differing aims and strategies to create changes or benefits from and for the company, resulting in a conflict of interest. Gill 2003, 308) For instance, managers would set a target to maximize the profits of the company and â€Å"maintain the firm’s long-term growth and stability (Jardins and McCall 1985, 368); while employees may aim to gain benefits and have a comfortable life, which is obtained by receiving at least minimum pay, or even â€Å"higher wages†. (Jardins and McCall 1985, 368) Managers have the responsibility to analyze the situation carefully, and make a decision that would benefits the highest number of stakeholders, i. . the employees. (Waddell et. Al 2007, 166) If wage rates were to be increased, the company would make lower profits. (Jardins and McCall 1985, 368) Wage increments would add to the production costs, so customers would not want to purchase the products if they become too expensive, therefore decreasing profits ove r time. Granting benefits could potentially â€Å"threaten long-term stability† in the long run. (Jardins and McCall 1985, 368) Suppose the manager decides to reject the employees’ requests and demand. In which case, the company’s profits and stability will be sustained, customers are kept happy with low product costs, but the employees will barely survive on low wages, even more so if they are receiving less than minimum wage. A ethical decision made according to the moral rights model is a decision made on a basis that it preserves and conserves the basic human rights and privileges of the individuals as best as possible. (Waddell et al. 2007, 166) People are morally responsible to ensure that each other are able to have a life that is minimally good. Jeurissen 2007, 3) Stakeholders make up the organization, so it is important to know and understand their interests in the company. (Jeurissen 2007, 3) Takemura (2009, 27) stated that the United States’ delegate support that people have to respect the rights of objectors, so ensuring minimum wage is the highest priority. Dealing under the Fair Trade standards means that companies must treat its stakeholders in a fair a nd just manner, with employers granting its employees their workers’ rights, such as minimum wages, good safety standards, and proper housing. Fair Trade International 2013) For the protection of their rights, every worker has the right to affiliation with trade unions. (Kallstrom and Eide 1999, 489) Trade unions exist for the purpose of maintaining or improving the conditions of their employment. (Webb and Webb 1920, 28) Under the moral rights model, managers should take the course of action that best maintains the rights and principles of the organization’s stakeholders. (Waddell et al. 2007, 166) For instance, any course of action taken that has a great negative impact on a stakeholder would be considered unethical. Waddell et al. 2007, 166) Hence, trade unions will strive to uphold the rights of the employees, while managers cannot implement the minimum wage exemption without the consent of the workers. (Roberts 2013) Since the workers did not give their consent, t hey have the right to receive nothing less minimum wages. (Roberts 2013) The justice model defines decisions made that distribute both negative and positive outcomes among stakeholders in a fair and impartial manner as an ethical decision. (Waddell et al. 2007, 166) A right is usually nothing more than a claim or demand, unless there is a tool that enables the implementation of the right or is built into the â€Å"institutional structure†. (Halstead and Pike 2006, 29) Rights have been constituted as the best way to maintaining the â€Å"just resolution of conflict and general human well-being†, and is recognized by the law. (Halstead and Pike 2006, 29) The right to minimum wages is a socio-economic right. (Jeurissen 2007, 3) Jeurissen (2007, 3) stated that rights are requisite when it comes to individuals cooperating within in a corporate organization. There are several examples of socio-economic rights, such as legislation and collective labour agreements, a category of rights in which the right to minimum wage is included. Every individual is able to exercise their rights, as resolution by the law. (Opsahl and Dimitrijevic 1999, 633) The resolution was made so that rights could be recognized and respected, in order for justice to be possible, should any of these rights be violated or disrespected by the relevant authorities. (Opsahl and Dimitrijevic 1999, 633) Rights should not be restricted in order to have social equilibrium within an organization. Opsahl and Dimitrijevic 1999, 634) Furthermore, â€Å"a justice approach to the minimum wage would enable us to consider our values†. (Levin-Waldman 2000, 43) A manager referring to the justice ethic model should consider that rights are recognized by the law, and therefore should abide by the law by respecting the employees’ rights; otherwise the governmental authoriti es would have to take action on the manager. Based on the analysis of all three ethic models, the best ethic model to apply to the case study is as per the thesis statement, which is the moral rights ethic model. The workers of the Nike factories in Indonesia should be allowed their minimum wage. As stated earlier, minimum wages are a fundamental right of an individual. The activist Jim Keady also stated that forcing minimum wage exemption on workers is a â€Å"clear violation of Nike’s code of conduct. † (Roberts 2013) Also, the workers should be able to enjoy at least minimum comfortable living conditions, as well as be protected from harsh treatment in the workplace. The manager of Nike should recognize and respect the rights of the workers and not force the exemption of minimum wage upon them. The management could perceive the company to lose some of its customers, and potentially be at a financial loss in the long-run. On the other hand, the trade unions and activists are satisfied that their principles and values are being upheld, and the workers’ rights are protected. Indeed, Employees should be treated fairly and their rights should be upheld. People are morally responsible to ensure that each other are able to have a life that is minimally good. (Jeurissen 2007, 3) Stakeholders make up the organization, so it is important to know and understand their interests in the company. Jeurissen 2007, 3) In which case, the workers can be considered important stakeholders in the organization, so it is unethical to enforce a minimum wage exemption against their will. Should the manager be proven guilty of forcing employees to sign a contract implementing the exemption of minimum wages, he or she should question their values as to whether or not their actions adhere to Nike ’s claims that they â€Å"care about the welfare of their workers† and â€Å"want to see them have decent lives†. In short, the manager should respect the employees’ right to minimum wage. Reference List Des Jardins, Joseph R. and John J. McCall. 1985. â€Å"A defense of employee rights. † Journal of Business Ethics 4(5): 367-376. doi: 10. 1007/BF02388589 Gill, Roger. 2003. â€Å"Change management or change leadership? † Journal of Change Management 3(4): 307-318. http://edocs. library. curtin. edu. au/eres_display. cgi? url=DC60118593. pdfamp;copyright=1 Jeurissen, Ronald, eds. 2007. Ethics amp; Business. Netherlands: Van Gorcum. Kallstrom, Kent and Asbjern Eide. 1999. â€Å"Article 23. † In The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, edited by Gudmundur Alfredsson and Asbjern Eide, 489-510. Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. Levin-Waldman, Oren M. 2000. Minimum Wage and Justice? Review of Social Economy 58(1): 43-62. doi: 10. 1080/003467600363101 Opsahl, Torkel and Vojin Dimitrijevic. 1999. â€Å"Article 29. † In The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: A Common Standard of Achievement, edited by Gudmundur Alfredsson and Asbjern Eide, 489-510. Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. Roberts, George. 2013. ABC News. Nike workers claim military paid to intimidate them. Accessed March 19, http://www. abc. et. au/news/2013-01-15/nike-accused-of-using-military-to-intimidate-factory-workers/4465058. Takemura, Hitomi. 2009. International Human Right to Conscientious Objection to Military Service and Individual Duties to Disobey Manifestly Illegal Orders. Berlin, Germany: Springer. Waddell, Dianne, Jennifer Devine, Gareth R. Jones, and Jennifer M. George. 2007. Contemporary Management. North Ryde, NSW: McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Limited. Webb, Sidney and Beatr ice Webb. 1920. History of Trade Unionism. London: Longmans and Co.

The Concept of Integrated Reporting-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Financial Sustainability Integrated Reporting. Answer: Introduction: Corporate governance is crucial for every organization. In the given case, corporate governance has been analyzed. Ms Serrah was interested to do a course in integrated reporting but due to some issues, she has moved on and didnt appear in the course. Now in this case, she has shown her willingness to know more about integrated reporting and corporate governance. In this report, the main study has been done over the integrated reporting. The origin of integrated origin is in corporate governance. It assists the organization in enhancing the ability of the company in managing the value of the organization in short term, medium term and long term. The corporate governance is an internal system which contains the process, procedure, people and various strategies that serve the needs and requirements of the stakeholders as well as shareholders by managing, directing and controlling the activities by the top level management of the company along with savvy, integrity and objectivity of the company. The main goal of this report is to analyze and explain the importance, relationship and concepts of the integrated reporting. Further, various other concept of the integrated reporting has also been analyzed to enlighten the concept of integrated reporting for Ms Serrah. Corporate governance: Corporate governance, corporate reporting, responsibility and integrated reporting are the significant terms which have been used in an international business to manage the business. The main motive behind enhancing these terms is the financial crisis and the various problems in the market. The enhancement incidence behind integrated reporting is of accounting scandals and environmental disaster (Eccles Krzus, 2010). Further, business concepts are quite complex and thus it is required for the businesses to manage and maintain the corporate reporting. The concept of corporate reporting makes it simple for the business to enlarge the business. Earlier, the financial reporting used to be enough for the international business to manage and analyze the performance and the position in the market. But now the market has been complex and with the complexity, various problems have also been enhanced in the market (Jensen Berg, 2012). So, the concept of integrated reporting would be useful for the company to manage all the complexity and the problems in the organization. Firstly, the concept of integrated reporting depict that the performance of an international company bases over various financial and non-financial factors. For analyzing the better performance of the company, it becomes important for the management of the company to relate all these aspects and the variables with the help of the integrated reporting to make a better study and decision (Frias?Aceituno, Rodriguez?Ariza Garcia?Sanchez, 2013). Interpreted reporting connects governance, financial, non financial, remuneration, social, environmental and economical factors of a company. The concept of integrated reporting could also be analyzed through the definition that this concept follows the targets and strategies of the company to set the business. Literature review: The concept of integrated reporting could be understood more briefly through conducting a study over various articles, study and magazine. Currently, entire corporate scandals have been taken place due to corporate scandals and the insufficient control system over the business. This all has impacted the policies and corporate governance power of the company. Basically corporate governance arises because of conflicts among two parties of the company and their interest. The associated parties are managers of the company and the shareholders of the company. de Villiers, Rinaldi Unerman, (2014) has defined that the corporate governance is n internal system which contains the process, procedure, people and various strategies that serves the needs and requirements of the stakeholders as well as shareholders by managing, directing and controlling the activities by the top level management of the company along with savvy, integrity and objectivity of the company (Adams Simnett, 2011). Further, various organizations and the corporate governance department of various countries have explained that the corporate governance is a set of companionship among the management of the company, board of directors, shareholders of the company and the stakeholders of the company. Further, Eccles Saltzman, (2011) has explained in his study that corporate governance explains the various significant issues which manages and integrates the social, economical and environmental values and the business operations of the company. According to the Flower (2015), it is required for every organization to manage and maintain the position of the corporate governance in an organization. Corporate governance must be disclosed by the every organization on the aspect of politics, risk, social values, stakeholders perspective etc. to manage the diversity in the organization. Corporate governance is a critical aspect of an organization. Nowadays, the principle of integrated reporting has been more complex with the increased diversity and competition in the market. Current changes into the corporate governance and integrated reporting have been driven changes into the global level (Abeysekera, 2013). Currently corporate governance has been managed and arose by the companies to reduce the level of complexity. Ruggie (2011) has depicted in a study depict the corporate governance is a sign of modern technology and changes in an organization. More, Admas (2015), has briefed in his study that corporate governance explains the various significant issues which manages and integrates the social, economical and environmental values and the business operations of the company. Integrated reporting is suitable for a company for a short term, long term and medium term for a business. It assists the company to manage and administer the various policies and the complexity in the operations of a business (Cheng et al, 2014). Integrated reporting explains about the information of an organization in context of financial and non financial term. It also expresses about the performance, strategy, prospects and governance which reflects the commercial, social and environmental context in which the corporate governance performs. This concept offers the concise and clear picture about the organization. This concept creates and enhances the value of the company in future (Suter, Oelke, Adair Armitage, 2009). An international committee has also been set by the international organization community. This organizational committee evaluates the corporate governance and integrated reporting of an organization and takes further steps accordingly. More, the concept of integrated reporting depict that the performance of an international company bases over various financial and non-financial factors (Cheng et al, 2014). For analyzing the better performance of the company, it becomes important for the management of the company to relate all these aspects and the variables with the help of the integrated reporting to make a better study and decision (Busco, 2014). According to the Admas (2015), it is required for every organization to manage and maintain the position of the corporate governance in an organization. Current changes into the corporate governance and integrated reporting have been driven changes into the global level. Interpreted reporting connects governance, financial, non financial, remuneration, social, environmental and economical factors of a company (de Villiers, Rinaldi Unerman, 2014). The concept of integrated reporting could also be analyzed through the definition that this concept follows the targets and strategies of the company to set the business. Further, it has been explained by Dumitru, Glavan, Gorgan Dumitru, 2013) that Corporate governance, corporate reporting, responsibility and integrated reporting are the significant terms which have been used in an international business to manage the business. Moreover, a study of Azapagic, (2003) express that the main motive behind enhancing Corporate governance and responsibility and integrated reporting are the financial crisis and the various problems in the market. Further, it has been added by Daub (2007) that the enhancement incidence behind integrated reporting is of accounting scandals and environmental disaster. Further, business concepts are quite complex and thus it is required for the businesses to manage and maintain the corporate reporting (Schaltegger Wagner, 2006). The concept of corporate reporting makes it simple for the business to enlarge the business. Jensen Berg, (2012) has depicted into his study that in ancient times, financial reporting was quite enough for the companies which are performing their business in the international market, to manage and analyze the performance and the position in the market. But now the market has been complex and with the complexity, various problems have also been enhanced in the market. Further, as a conclusive study, it has been expressed by OECD (2017) that the concept of integrated reporting would be useful for the company to manage all the complexity and the problems in the organization. Further, according to the study of Burritt, Hahn Schaltegger, (2002), it has been found that the integrated reporting is a process which has been founded by the organization on the perspective of integrated thinking that outcomes in a periodic report of integrated system by a company about the creation of value over time, communication and other related factors. More, it has also been defined that the integrated reporting is an integrated representation and holistic of the companys performance in terms of responsibility as well as sustainability and finance of the company. Corporate governance as integrated reports part: Because, nowadays many companies, governments and the stakeholders have already known the significance of social, environmental, governance information as a huge part of annual report which is needed by the organization. Integrated reporting is the main part which offers stakeholders, government and the management of the company about the full picture of structured around, performance and business model, strategic objective of organization which includes financial and non financial information of the company. According to the Schaltegger Wagner, (2006), an integrated reporting is the summary of communication about the governance, strategy, policy, prospects, performance in concern of external environment of the company to lead the value creation in short term, long term and medium term of the business. In different words, the concept of integrated reporting is a significant document which communicates with the companies, governments and the stakeholders about the current position of the company and the governance, strategy, policy, prospects, performance of the company. This report expresses the stakeholders about the value creation story of the organization and policies in an understandable manner. Thus, the reports of integrated reporting depict about the activities, risks, abilities and opportunities of the company which has been grabbed by the company or could be grabbed by the company in near future (Enquist, Johnson Skln, 2006). It has been suggested that the main documents of the company and its communication level is integrated reporting. It has been suggested that the most significant factors and guiding principles which refers to the information which is not correct. Following are some of the elements of the corporate governance: Business model and organizational overview: This system assists the organization to analyze that how the sustainable value could be created in long, short and medium term? Including risk, operating context and opportunities: This system assists the organization to analyze that what could be the associated risk, opportunities and the operating context of the company in order to manage and enhance the operations and the performance of the company? (IIRC, 2013) Strategy and strategic objective to achieve the objectives: This system assists the organization to analyze that what are the objectives and what could be the strategies to achieve that goals of the company in order to manage and enhance the operations and the performance of the company? Future outlook: This system assists the organization to analyze that what are the opportunities, strategies, threats, challenges, uncertainties and other aspects of the company in order to manage and enhance the performance of the company? Performance: This system assists the organization to analyze that what could be the factors in an organization which could enhance the performance of a company? (O'Donovan. 2003). Governance and remuneration: This system assists the organization to analyze about various policies and governance structure of an organization in order to manage and enhance the operations and the performance of the company? The above details depict that various concepts, performance, position, Performa, profitability position etc of the company which focuses over the demands and the corporate governance of the company. It enhances the organization to maintain and manage the full picture of structured around, performance and business model, strategic objective of organization which includes financial and non financial information of the company. Relationship between integrated reporting and corporate governance: The companies want to make sustainable values in order to enhance the financial values and non financial values of the company which is required by the business to manage the values for stakeholders and for the society to present and offer information to the stakeholders (IIRC, 2013). Corporate governance is a part of the integrated reports of the company which is developed by the organization in order to manage and rebuild the faith of the stakeholders and to manage the feelings of interest of managers in line with owners interest. Basically, the most important principles of the corporate governance are: Fairness Responsibility Transparency Accountability The above factors depict that corporate governance mainly stand up over fairness, transparency, accountability and fairness of the corporation. Accountability is a principle which emphasize over the responsibility of the business and its impact over the environment. Further, it has been found that following are some of the guiding principles of corporate governance: Future orientation Connectivity of information Strategic focus Stakeholder and responsiveness inclusiveness Reliability Materiality Conciseness (IIRC, 2011) The research methodology which has been used to describe the companionship corporate governance and integrated reporting are empirical analysis of the content and structure of published reports of various public companies. Integrated reporting is suitable for a company for a short term, long term and medium term for a business. It assists the company to manage and administer the various policies and the complexity in the operations of a business. The corporate governance is an internal system which contains the process, procedure, people and various strategies that serve the needs and requirements of the stakeholders as well as shareholders by managing, directing and controlling the activities by the top level management of the company along with savvy, integrity and objectivity of the company. Following is the relationship structure of integrated reporting ad corporate governance:(O'Donovan. 2003) Firstly, the concept of integrates reporting is lied over the integrated reporting and thinking which promotes the internal process for understand the interest and needs of different stakeholders/ investors. The organizations which assist the integrated documents for reporting are quite good to communicate the global performance of the company. Further, it also connects the financial information and non financial information of a company which includes those factors which focuses towards the future, embedded in integrated reporting could enhance corporate governance (OECD, 2017). Further, it has been explained by Admas (2015) that Corporate governance, corporate reporting, responsibility and integrated reporting are the significant terms which have been used in an international business to manage the business. Moreover, a study of Daub (2007) express that the main motive behind enhancing Corporate governance and responsibility and integrated reporting are the financial crisis and the various problems in the market. Further, it has been added by Azapagic, (2003) that the enhancement incidence behind integrated reporting is of accounting scandals and environmental disaster. Further, business concepts are quite complex and thus it is required for the businesses to manage and maintain the corporate reporting. The concept of corporate reporting makes it simple for the business to enlarge the business. Further, it has also been analyzed that the main focuses of the company is in integrated reporting as integrated reporting is the main part which offers stakeholders, government and the management of the company about the full picture of structured around, performance and business model, strategic objective of organization which includes financial and non financial information of the company. According to the Eccles, Krzus, Rogers Serafeim, (2012), an integrated reporting is the summary of communication about the governance, strategy, policy, prospects, performance in concern of external environment of the company to lead the value creation in short term, long term and medium term of the business. Further, it has been found through the study of Busco (2014) that in ancient times, financial reporting was quite enough for the companies which are performing their business in the international market, to manage and analyze the performance and the position in the market. But now the market has been complex and with the complexity, various problems have also been enhanced in the market (Cheng et al, 2014). It assists the company to manage and administer the various policies and the complexity in the operations of a business. Conclusion: Through the above study, it has been found that the various changes have taken place into the position of corporate governance. Because, nowadays many companies, governments and the stakeholders have already known the significance of social, environmental, governance information as a huge part of annual report which is needed by the organization. Integrated reporting and corporate governance is the main part which offers stakeholders, government and the management of the company about the full picture of structured around, performance and business model, strategic objective of organization which includes financial and non financial information of the company. An integrated reporting is the summary of communication about the governance, strategy, policy, prospects, performance in concern of external environment of the company to lead the value creation in short term, long term and medium term of the business. In ancient times, financial reporting was quite enough for the companies which are performing their business in the international market, to manage and analyze the performance and the position in the market. But now the market has been complex and with the complexity, various problems have also been enhanced in the market. 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