Wwii Atomic Bombs Essay Example For Students

Wwii Atomic Bombs Essay WWII Atomic BombsWhen the nuclear bomb went off over Hiroshima on Aug. sixth, 1945, 70,000 lives were finished instantly. To theAmerican individuals who were fatigued from the long and severe war, such a radical measure appeared to be a necessary,even upright approach to end the frenzy that was World War II. In any case, the franticness had quite recently started. ThatAugust morning was the day that proclaimed the beginning of the atomic age, and with it came something other than the lossof lives. As indicated by Archibald MacLeish, a U.S. writer, What occurred at Hiroshima was not just that ascientific advancement . . . had happened and that an extraordinary piece of the number of inhabitants in a city had been singed todeath, yet that the issue of the connection of the triumphs of present day science to the human reasons for man hadbeen expressly characterized. We will compose a custom article on Wwii Atomic Bombs explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now The whole globe was presently to live with the dread of complete demolition, the dread that drove thecold war, the dread that has always changed world governmental issues. The dread is genuine, more genuine today than any other time in recent memory, for theease at which an atomic bomb is accomplished these days flashes dread in the hearts of the vast majority on thisplanet. As indicated by General Douglas MacArthur, We have had our last possibility. On the off chance that we don't devise somegreater and progressively evenhanded framework, Armageddon will be at our entryway. The choice to drop the nuclear bomb onJapanese residents in August, 1945, as a way to finish the long Pacific war was supported militarily,politically and ethically. The objective of taking up arms is triumph with least misfortunes on ones own side and, if conceivable, on the enemys side.No one questions the way that the Japanese military was set up to battle including every person to protect the homeislands, and in reality had just exhibited this assurance in past Pacific island crusades. Aweapon initially created to contain a Nazi nuclear undertaking was accessible that would save Americanshundreds of thousands of causalities in an intrusion of Japan, and-not by chance spare a few times more thanthat among Japanese officers and regular citizens. The thousands who have passed on in the nuclear assaults on Hiroshimaand Nagasaki were far not exactly would have kicked the bucket in a united intrusion, and their abrupt passings persuaded theJapanese military to give up. Each country has an enthusiasm for finding a sense of contentment with different countries, yet there has never been when theworld was liberated from the scourge of war. Henceforth, quiet countries should consistently have sufficient military power at theirdisposal so as to discourage or overcome the forceful structures of maverick countries. The United States was thereforeright in utilizing whatever means were important to vanquish the Japanese domain in the war which the last began,including the utilization of unrivaled or all the more remarkable weaponry-not exclusively to overcome Japan yet to stay capable followingthe war to keep up harmony adequately to ensure its own reality. A long, exorbitant and bleeding strife is awasteful utilization of a countries assets when speedier, increasingly conclusive methods are accessible. Japan was not then-orlater-the main country America needed to limit, and a full scale U.S. attack of Japan would have taken a chance with the victoryalready picked up in Europe despite the unmistakable thereat of Soviet mastery. At long last, we can always remember the proverb of Edmund Burke: The main thing essential for the triumph of wickedness is thatgood men sit idle. The Japanese assault on Pearl Harbor brought us into a war which we had vainly hopedto keep away from. We could no longer sit idle however were constrained to plan something for move back the Japanesemilitarists. Casualties of hostility have each privilege both to end the animosity and to forestall the culprit of itfrom proceeding or recharging it. .ua095e240cfbc036e6b86a9a7ddb0d843 , .ua095e240cfbc036e6b86a9a7ddb0d843 .postImageUrl , .ua095e240cfbc036e6b86a9a7ddb0d843 .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .ua095e240cfbc036e6b86a9a7ddb0d843 , .ua095e240cfbc036e6b86a9a7ddb0d843:hover , .ua095e240cfbc036e6b86a9a7ddb0d843:visited , .ua095e240cfbc036e6b86a9a7ddb0d843:active { border:0!important; } .ua095e240cfbc036e6b86a9a7ddb0d843 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ua095e240cfbc036e6b86a9a7ddb0d843 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ua095e240cfbc036e6b86a9a7ddb0d843:active , .ua095e240cfbc036e6b86a9a7ddb0d843:hover { mistiness: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ua095e240cfbc036e6b86a9a7ddb0d843 .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: relative; } .ua095e240cfbc036e6b86a9a7ddb0d843 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-improvement: underline; } .ua095e240cfbc036e6b86a9a7ddb0d843 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ua095e240cfbc036e6b86a9a7ddb0d843 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-adornment: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua095e240cfbc036e6b86a9a7ddb0d843:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ua095e240cfbc036e6b86a9a7ddb0d8 43 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ua095e240cfbc036e6b86a9a7ddb0d843-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ua095e240cfbc036e6b86a9a7ddb0d843:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Chinese Pottery Essay Our common right of self preservation just as our ethical obligation to overcome tyrannyjustified our choice to wage the war and, eventually, to drop the nuclear bomb. We ought to anticipate that politicalleaders should be guided by moral standards however this doesn't mean they should subject a great many individuals toneedless injury or demise out of a lost worry for the security of aggressors or regular people. President Trumans choice to convey nuclear force in Japan uncovered a man who comprehended the good issuesat stake and who had the fortitude to strike a definitive blow that immediately finished the most destructi vewar in mankind's history. Nausea is anything but an ethical guideline, yet settling on the best choices at that point, giventhe conditions, is clear proof that the chief is guided by profound quality. The nuclear bomb was viewed as a brisk and even affordable approach to win the war; in any case, it was a crueland irregular type of discipline for the Japanese residents. The weapon that we allude to as speedy was simply theopposite. On one hand, it implied a brisk end to the war for the United States, and then again, a moderate andpainful demise to numerous honest Japanese. As per a book considered Hiroshima Plus 20 the impacts of radiationpoisoning are awful, running from purple spots on the skin, balding, sickness, heaving, seeping from themouth, gums, and throat, debilitated resistant frameworks, to monstrous inward discharging, also thedisfiguring radiation copies. The impacts of the radiation harming kept on appearing until about a month afterthe besieging. Actually the bomb likewise executed or for all time harmed embryos in the belly. Demise and destructionare consistently a truth of war; notwithstanding, a fast passing is in every case progressively compassionate. At the point when this incredible country called the United States dropped the bomb, we conveyed the authority proceed for therest of the world that atomic weapons were a practical methods for fighting. We informally reported that it wasO.K. to bomb ladies, kids, and old residents. The idea that nuclear weapons are expected to keep thepeace is actually the possibility that energized the virus war. Albert Einstein said in a discourse, The deadly implement racebetween the U.S.A. what's more, U. S.S.R., initially expected to be a safeguard measure, accept hystericalcharacter. On the two sides, the methods for mass-annihilation are consummated with hot scurry . . . The H-bombappears on the open skyline as a likely feasible objective. Its quickened advancement has been solemnlyproclaimed by the president. To put it plainly, as indicated by Hiroshima Plus 20, at this point, the military has at any rate 50, 000 atomic warheads in storageand prepared with a bunch of individuals responsible for them. In the expressions of James Conant, President of Harvard, Theextreme perils to humankind inalienable in the proposition entirely exceed any military preferred position. Has the nuclear bomb presented the dread of all out demolition . ..that has always changed world legislative issues? Thatseems to be the primary concern of the contention against dropping the nuclear bomb on Japanese urban communities in August,1945. However this judgment totally abstracts from the solid conditions in which the choice wasmade-a world depleted by war; an intractable, crafty and merciless adversary; several thousands ofcasualties in a partnered intrusion of Japan; lasting key contemplations; and such. At the end of the day, thereply neglects to meet the contention for dropping the bomb and changes the subject from the prompt choice tothe long haul outcomes of the choice. In any case, regardless of whether one awards the point about dread of demolition, it isn't evident that the world has on a very basic level changednor that the entire world is consistently at risk for countries from days of yore. For instance, old Romesacked Carthage, furrowed it under and salted the earth. Medieval and present day strict wars have annihilatedmillions. .u654fd088e0c

Four Questions Essays

Four Questions Essays Four Questions Essay Four Questions Essay Paper Topic: Enders Game Questions Name: Teacher: Course: Date: : Four Questions 1. The Michigan case is about administration issue on the treatment of sex wrongdoers at the work environment. For this situation, the worker has model abilities that would enhance the organization. Nonetheless, he has a past filled with sex offense, and this would negatively affect the picture of the organization on the off chance that he rehashes a similar offense particularly when working. For an administrator, it is savvy to think about different factors before concocting the choice. One guideline of the board is controlling which includes guideline of exercises to accomplish the destinations of a business. Controls should be set up in to guarantee representatives work effectively. For this situation, the representative ought to be given headings on the most proficient method to play out his assignments without raising any ruckus; he ought to be coordinated on the degree of cooperation with the customers to evade strife. In the event of any emerging issues, he ought to be given c lear rules on the most proficient method to deliver them to limit the probability of forceful encounters since this would place him in a circumstance where he would effortlessly utilize brutality. Disciplinary measures ought to likewise be imparted to manage conduct of representatives in the work environment. They could incorporate downgrade, excusal or suspension relying upon the seriousness of the offense. This would guarantee representatives watch their conduct at work and in any event, when managing customers out of the work place. An organization ought to likewise have strategies that advance proficient morals, which help in improving the corporate picture. This guarantees upkeep of an elevated level of demonstrable skill at the work place improving the picture of the business, and this could improve the presentation of a business at long last since numerous clients would be pulled in. 2. The 21st century on boarding highlights three organizations; Sun, El Paso and Zimmerman. At Sun, the initial step starts after an individual acknowledges a vocation. He at that point visits the company’s site to find out about the organization by playing computer games. Representatives at El Paso Corporation go to their first day of direction and afterward following one month. In Zimmerman, they focus on showing the representatives the organization. They are coordinated to sign onto the company’s site to study the firm and afterward go to a gathering with the CEO who gives them data on the arrangement of the organization. These three organizations anyway have their likenesses; they all grasp innovation. In Sun, the representatives get to the company’s recently recruited employee site to find out about the organization through playing computer games. El Paso utilizes messages with connections to each sort of data they need while Zimmerman’s initial step is signing in to the company’s site to learn data about the organization. Another likeness is that all the three organizations embraced their current on boarding techniques to tackle wastefulness issues. Sun at first had a framework where the main day of work was spent filling in administrative work and meeting the chief could take at any rate fourteen days. They changed the framework to have a superior early introduction since long and moderate lines could be deciphered as wastefulness. An authority at El Paso called attention to that they at first worked a framework that took the representatives long to get PCs which changed to having it on their first day. The framework at Zimmerman has helped representatives in finding out about the organization. 3. Top chiefs are significant in settling on choices influencing the organization, and they ought to in this manner be included. They help in defining of the company’s objectives and targets, for example, benefit amplification, estimating choices and representative relations. They break down exercises in understanding to the company’s strategic vision, and go through this examination to accompany objectives that amplify the yield of the organization and objectives that are attainable. The top administration is liable for setting up of arrangements that guarantee accomplishment of the set destinations for example a showcasing approach that manages advancement of the company’s items through promoting, markdown offers, commissions for salespersons and evaluating. This strategy targets raising the productivity of the organization. They likewise decide the authoritative system on which the progression of exercises depends. Since the top administration plays out these critical assignments for the organization, it is important to include them in any sort of choices that may influence the organization considerably. 4. This technique for ability the board and advancement audit took five years, which is a sensible measure of time for preparing thinking about the substance of study. Timing may fluctuate because of collaboration of the individuals in the program. The more helpful they are the quicker the procedure will be and the other way around. The quantity of individuals associated with the procedure will likewise influence the measure of time taken. On the off chance that more individuals are included, additional time will be spent examining them. The quantity of instruments utilized being developed of plans for the high-pos are likewise a determinant. The measure of time spent on each progression additionally decides the measure of time the entire procedure will take. On the off chance that a stage of the procedure takes a lot of time, this implies the beginning time of the following stage is postponed, and this is conveyed forward to different advances deferring the entire procedure.

Crime Result from an Interplay Between Nature and Nurture free essay sample

The thing is every general public characterizes its own view of non-congruity which is legitimately influenced by the pre-set up standards or guidelines of the specific prevailing society. Through time the enthusiasm for Criminal conduct has gone more grounded and more grounded. Many watched and made ends, conceived hypotheses and offered answers for the various conceivable favorable explanations behind a person to take part in â€Å"rebellious† activities. The two principle factors which were set up by examines were the â€Å"Nature and Nurture† ideas. Those two were the object of numerous discussions and cross examinations by various specialists like Albert Cohen, Cesare Lombroso and Howard Becker. Yet at the same time today nobody can depict the genuine wellsprings of criminal conduct without expecting the potential relationships between's the Biological and Environmental elements. Qualities Cesare Lombroso, the dad of present day criminology, extraordinarily affected by the idea of common choice started by Charles Darwin in the nineteenth century, created during the 1870s the idea of ‘born criminals’. His hypothesis broke the idea of ‘free will’ of the Classical School of Thought and the social positivism speculations created dependent on the Chicago School. In l’Uomo Delinquente, Lombroso clarified that those hoodlums can recognized by unmistakable physical highlights, such as slanting temples, ragged eyebrows, strangely long arms or tallness. In his hypothesis of transformative atavism, he plainly started the possibility that criminal conduct has organic and unchangeable roots. With innovative advances and new looks into being completed during the nineteenth century, numerous humanist, clinicians and earthy people endorsed Lombroso’s hypothesis. In reality new methods, similar to CT examine, PET output, MRI sweep, EEG, and SPECT, and new disclosures about hormonal misbalance are being utilized to analyze mind irregularities In request to comprehend the association among qualities and wrongdoing and the various investigations hefted around the issue, we need to initially comprehend what qualities are. As indicated by Oxford online word reference, a quality is â€Å"a unmistakable succession of nucleotides shaping piece of a chromosome, the request for which decides the request for monomers in a polypeptide or nucleic corrosive particle which a cell (or infection) may orchestrate. † For us to comprehend why individuals carry on in the manner they do, one needs to comprehend which part of the cerebrum controls conduct. In the mid nineteenth century, the acquaintance of neuroimaging assisted with comprehend the human cerebrum structure and its working. it has reformed the logical tudy of the sensory system, in particular neuroscience, which has empowered numerous specialists like Raine and Yang(2006), Moffitt ( 2003), Kiehl (2006), Blair (2001) , Nigg and Huang-Pollock (2003) and numerous others to examine about the ‘biologic premise of personality’. Mind imaging has to be sure improved present day scientist’s comprehension of intellectual science, characte r characteristics, and hormones that impact conduct and furthermore ‘the indications of schizophrenia, bipolar turmoil and post-horrible pressure issue. One of the fundamental supporters of neurocriminology is Adrian Raine. He has led various longitudinal investigations in Hong Kong, Mauritius, United States, China and Singapore. In one of his meetings, Raine states that â€Å"the cerebrum of an insane person is undermined one could contend that they don’t have full obligation regarding their activities. That as a result it’s not their issue. † His investigations have indicated that the size of the ‘amygdala’, which is a piece of the limbic framework and which ‘is engaged with the handling of feelings, for example, dread, outrage and pleasure’, is 18% littler in the mind of mental cases when contrasted with the cerebrum of ‘normal’ individuals. As indicated by Raine this infers â€Å"psychopaths know directly from wrong, yet they don't have the sentiment of what is correct and what's going on. ’ Raines’s considers give increasingly logical evidence about how the prefrontal cortex (featured in green in the figure) influences conduct. His discoveries, in view of cerebrum imaging tests, reason that the movement level in the mind of individuals who carry on solitarily and who have criminal inclinations is lower in the prefrontal cortex. The frontal cortex is engaged with moral dynamic, moral conduct and official choices and acts like a brake. Kiehl, Yang and Blair additionally affirmed Raine’s hypothesis about absence of action in the ‘amygdala’ and the prefrontal cortex and how it brings about an absence of sympathy, dread, reserved conduct, blame and empathy. Shortages in the cerebrum framework have been connected to past head wounds. Anyway Raine’s considers have demonstrated that murders originating from terrible family foundation had no higher pace of head injury than those killers originating from great ones and as indicated by Raine this proposes there are individuals who are brought into the world with an inescapable cerebrum brokenness which isn't connected to race, thnicity, sex or age. These discoveries depend on a continuous longitudinal investigation, the Mauritius Child Health Project, whose executive is Raine himself, began in 1986 and including 1795 little children. However this investigation shows that individuals are not ‘born crooks. â€Å"Research keeps on delineating the basic significance of incorporating natural measures with social measure in seeing how brutality develops,† says Raine. Both nature and sustain have a significant task to carry out in wrongdoing causation. It is important that different examinations led by Raine and his partners have indicated that individuals who are brought into the world with mind brokenness and are developing in a terrible domain are progressively subject to participate in a criminal profession than those with cerebrum brokenness yet having a decent encompassing. These new discoveries came to negate early investigations led on family trees and the connection between acquired hereditary elements and criminal inclinations. One most mainstream inquires about done on family trees is that embraced by R. Dugdale (1877) on the Jukes, living in New York and known for having sired a few ages of crooks. A few people express this was because of hereditary legacy of criminal qualities, anyway a more intensive gander at the family’s history and structure uncover that it is really the condition that has for the most part impacted relatives to act like their progenitors. Like dad like child. Kids acquire not the physical appearance of both natural guardians but rather additionally their personalities. We as a whole learn by watching and emulating individuals from our encompassing. Guardians, from youth grant esteems and standards in any case if the guardians childhood the kids have introverted practices, and hold extraordinary accomplishments in the criminal field, their offsprings are probably going to copy a similar conduct. In 1913 Goring said that if guardians were crooks they should assuredly give the propensity to their youngsters simply like they pass on and different characteristics and in 1950, Sheldon and Eleanor Glueck, â€Å"have asserted that to show that a father’s criminal direct was perhaps the best indicator of his son’s future criminal behavior†. TWINS Maybe one of the most crucial investigations impacting logical assessments of nature and sustain would be an examination done looking at monozygotic twins and dizygotic twin sets. The proof of a hereditary inclination towards somebody engaging in wrongdoing originates from considers looking at indistinguishable and intimate twin kin who have been embraced out into various families at or even not long after birth. Regardless of the inadequacies of his technique, Goring had understood the need in wiping out the potential impacts of natural factors in his examination into heredity and wrongdoing and he in this way decided to consider the twins. Along these lines he made a qualification between the monozygotic (indistinguishable twins) and dizygotic (congenial twins). Gutting, consequently found that if MZ twins act similarly, for example, carrying out offenses, this could be credited to a typical hereditary factor, while then again, in the event that wrongdoing is connected transcendently to the earth, at that point all the arrangements of twins MZ and DZ , will have increasingly comparable degree of culpable. In like manner he expressed that the perfect examination would be that of the MZ twins raised in two distinct families. He in this manner found that just one in each 70-90 births brings about twins and of these just ? esults in MZ twins. (Indistinguishable Twin Sisters) Monozygotic twins In an investigation led by Christiansen (1968), it was discovered that they were significantly more emphatically connected to hereditary qualities as there was likewise a higher concordance for MZ than DZ sets among the white collar c lass and for those conceived in provincial areas. Utilizing the official records acquired from the Danish twins, to learn whether either or both of the twins had a criminal conviction, for male MZ twins, he found that in 38. 5% of cases both had criminal record while this was just the situation for 12. 3% of the male DZ twins. Then again, for female MZ twins it was of 21. 4% while for female DZ twins, it was just 4. 3%. Further concentrating on twins, in 1974, Christiansen recognized offenses culpable with detainment and lesser offenses and as result it was discovered that the previous was much increasingly connected to hereditary variables. Thus, the MZ pair twins were found to have half of concordance, that is, in out of two cases the two twins displayed criminal conduct, though in the DZ cases, there was just 21% of concordance, representing the way that there is a solid relationship of hereditary qualities and criminal attitude Fraternal Twin Sisters) Dizygotic Twins Other investigations of the MZ twins have recognized the varieties in DNA methylation levels in certain objective quality advertiser locales and on the grounds that indistinguishable twins share indistinguishable genomes and experience a considerable lot of a similar family ecological

Customer service Essay

There’s space to develop the cheeseburger business in Thailand, as utilization stays low contrasted and other cheap food classes, and there are barely any players in this fragment. An upper hand exists when the firm can convey indistinguishable advantages from contenders however at a lower cost or convey benefits that surpass those of contending items. If there should arise an occurrence of Carl’Jr , the assets and capacities together structure its particular capabilities. These abilities empower development, quality, and client responsiveness, which can all be utilized to make a separation advantage as follow Reputation. Throughout the most recent 65 years, Carl’s Jr. has fabricated a notoriety for being America’s chief burger chain, and is known as the spot to go for huge, succulent, scrumptious charbroiled burgers. Today, there are more than 1,249 Carl’s Jr. eateries around the world. Worth Creation The firm’s own worth making exercises, the firm works in a worth framework †¢ Includes halfway table help and an everything you-can-drink refreshment bar. Maintainability of upper hand - Requires client dedication, an incredible area, remarkable product, appropriate dispersion channels, great merchant relations, a notoriety for client support, and different wellsprings of preferred position. †¢ Brand = Authentic premium American burger †¢ Quality = Highlight the quality and volume of new fixings and incentive in each nibble of delicious, charbroiled meat. †¢ Location = Carl’s Jr. has been key with the area of each branch, choosing to be in the core of urban communities in regions swarmed by the two Thais and outsiders the same. †¢ Customer administration = All burgers are specially made and the brand puts a substantial accentuation on magnificent visitor administration to upgrade the general eating experience. (Offers a fast assistance involvement in) their wide assortment of premium burgers, all specially made utilizing the freshest quality fixings to clients which is a major distinction to McDonald’s or Burger King which frequently have burgers lounging around for some time. These are only a portion of the reasons why Carl’s Jr. has made such colossal progress the world over. With sure that the superior food and offices of the Carl’s Jr. brand will resound with the recognizing Thai purchaser.

Biography on Christian Andreas Doppler & The Doppler Effect Term Paper

History on Christian Andreas Doppler and The Doppler Effect - Term Paper Example Doppler began educating incidentally at the University of Vienna following two years at the University. It was right now that he distributed his initial four science papers. For quite a long while, he attempted to go after a lasting showing job in different schools, colleges, and universities (Maulik, 2005). This while he was supporting himself by filling in as an accountant at a neighborhood cotton turning factory. Life turned out to be unreasonably hard for him as he was not landing the stable situation he needed, so he chose to pack and go search for better fields in America (Kinsella and Pertoff, 2004). Be that as it may, not long before he left, he got a bid for employment in Prague at the Technical Secondary School. Notwithstanding, he before long ended up exhausted and longing for something that was more energizing than rudimentary science. He, thusly, went after a position as an educator of higher arithmetic. Meanwhile, he didn't let his scientific aptitudes rust away. He guaranteed that his arithmetic abilities were in every case sharp by accomplishing low maintenance work at the Vienna Polytechnic Institute (Coman, 2004). Doppler didn't need to sit tight for some time before a significant opening for work introduced itself to him. While filling in as a section clock at the Vienna Polytechnic, the situation of Geometry and Mathematics Professor got empty and he applied for it, sure that he would land the position. Landing the position, in any case, was not as smooth a ride as Doppler had trusted it would be. He needed to ward off rivalry from a few other top contenders (Baxter, Allan, and Morley, 1999). This circumstance influenced him and he started to encounter unexpected weakness. The strain of instructing added to his wellbeing misfortunes. Before long his understudies were griping about his tests which they said were excessively unreasonable and unforgiving. He in the long run requested wiped out leave, and it is during this season of rest that Doppler introduced one of his most renowned papers.

Conversation With A Med School Admissions Dean [Podcast IV]

document.createElement('audio'); https://media.blubrry.com/admissions_straight_talk/p/www.accepted.com/iv-with-dr-lina-mehta.mp3Podcast: Play in new window | Download | EmbedSubscribe: Apple Podcasts | Android | Google Podcasts | Stitcher | TuneIn | SpotifyIf you are a pre-med preparing to take the MCAT or a waitlisted 2014 applicant, you may have something in common: A nagging fear that you just may not make it to medical school. Enter, Dr. Lina Mehta, Associate Dean  for Admissions at Case Western Reserve University College of Medicine, with good news: You can get accepted to med school. Listen to our advice-packed interview for important tips for applicants at all stages of the medical school admissions process, a word of encouragement, and an inside look at Case Western. 00:02:15 – How Dr. Mehta got involved in admissions and what her job entails. 00:04:16 – The New MCAT’s impact on med school admissions. 00:05:26 – The value (and definition) of â€Å"applying early.† 00:09:00 – Is it too late for a student taking the MCAT in July/August to realistically apply to med school this year? 00:11:33 – Whom the adcom is hoping to meet in a personal statement. 00:13:15 – Case Western’s 4 Themes and what they mean for applicants. 00:17:38 – Understanding the â€Å"leadership and civic professionalism† themes as Case Western School of Medicine. 00:19:27 – How secondary are secondary essays? 00:20:57 – The true goal of a med school interview. 00:22:30 – If only premeds would understand. (about med school in general and Case Western Reserve specifically). 00:24:16 – Still on the waitlist: Should a student reapply or wait to hear back? 00:26:12 – Factors that could cause a competitive applicant to be rejected. 00:27:58 – Advice for freshman sophomore premeds. *Theme music is courtesy of podcastthemes.com. Related Links: †¢ Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Admissions †¢Ã‚  Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine †¢ Create a Winning AMCAS Application: Medical School Admissions Webinar   Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Navigating the Med School Maze, tips to help you apply successfully to medical school. †¢Ã‚  A Second Chance at Medical School: The A-Z of Applying to Postbac Programs †¢Ã‚  Medical School Reapplicant Advice: 6 Tips for Success Related Shows: †¢Ã‚  Medical School Admissions 2015-2016: A Dean’s Perspective †¢Ã‚  Admissions Straight Talk: All Things Postbac †¢Ã‚  A Window into the World and Life of Medical Scribes   †¢Ã‚  Elliptical, Meet Med School: Interview with Andrea Tooley †¢Ã‚  Overcoming the Odds: A Story of Med School Inspiration

The Belief In Supernatural - Free Essay Example

The Belief in how supernatural and in the devilrs practice of giving certain humans witches the power to harm others arose in Europe in the 14th century. The Salem Witch trials began in 1692 when a group of girls in village of Salem, Massachusetts, where claimed to be possessed by the devil. The theories for the mass hysteria and the accusations of Witchcraft were because of fungus poisoning. Samuel Parises girls suffered from a condition coming from ergot which was a type of fungus found in grains. This lead to the rise of the belief that there was evil and witchcraft going on in the village of Salem. Samuel Paris and his family arrived in 1689 to the Salem village coming from London being merchants and being puritans. During this time in England Puritan, whose origins lay in a late sixtine century reform movement within English protestantism , were by the 1650s divided into many fractions, but all believed that bishops, The mass, and all other remnants of Roman catholic worship had to be purged from english pulpist(Hoffer 9) they came seeking wealth and being able to practice religion . Samuel Parisses daughters Betty and Abigail, Williams began to act strange and they talking incoherently leading people to believe they were witches, and along with the nonsense they were making Parris had two Caribbean Indian slaves Tituba And John . One of the slaves baked a cake and were accused of it bewitching them with the cake Tituba made. Betty told her parents that Tituba, Sarah Good and Sarah Osborn had been approached by the devil when they said no the witches began their assault. The first woman to have been executed during this time was Bridget Bishop. She stood out amongst most women during her time because of how many times she had married. In total she married 3 times and widowed twice. Her first marriage was a man named samuel wesselby the importance of this marriage was because he was the one who brought her to the newly colonized america. The second man she married was Thomas Oliver who already in fact a widower who had children of his own. The two had frequent fights that brought in the attention of the authority. Oliver physically abused bridget as her face had bruises. Eventually he died and accusations to her began about her being a witch.His two children claimed that their father died because her mother had used witchcraft on him. The people of salem accused her of attacking them and to the killing of their children and pets disappearing .She eventually faced a judge and her verdict was not guilty. The women in the courtroom began arguing with the judge to reconsider their verdict and a week later the jury indeed changed their minds and declared the nurse guilty . She was hung at the end of the trial on June 10th. George Burroughs came to Salem village as a minister from Salisbury around 1680. He graduated from Harvard University. He did preaching in Falmouth, Main until the indian attacks in 1676. He had a disagreement with Thomas Putnam. He had unusual strength for a short man Having been arrested for witchcraft. His unusual strength was used against him as evidence of his complicity with the devil.(Armstrong 219). During his arrest and bring back to seleam a thunderstorm struck while they were bringing him back and it scared both the horsemen and the men. The horsemen took it as a sign of the witch craft that burroughs could have done to escape. On May 9th he was seen by John Hathorne and Jonathan Corwin both judges during the Salem Witch Trials while Reverend Samuel Parris observed only because he was a minister just like Burroughs. During his judging he was asked questions like if the house he lived in was haunted ? Of course he denied but did say that they had toads. The judges believed that they had something to do with witches. He also asked about when he took his last communion? He did not remember. For a puritan minister him not being able to remember the last time he took communion did not look good on him.George Burroughs was brought to trial on August 5th in 1692. Under the charge of being a religious leader they theorized he was speaking for the devil and influencing people to become witches.The reason why his trial was so significant was because he was part of the church and that reason scared the people of salem with the idea of the devil being able to infiltrate the church. Right before his execution he made a speech on how he was innocent and recited the lords prayer flawlessly something a witch could not do without making a mistake. Martha corry was the fourth person and a church member in this case to be accused of witchcraft out spoken in her skepticism about the existence of witches in the salem villageshe was sixty five years of age married to Giles Corey. Martha was Giles Coreys 3rd wife. Giles Corey was a farmer who had wealth and didnt have the best past concerning having went to trial for one of his workers on his farm lands. Although he was actually guilty he got away with paying a fine for his crime. Martha and Giles Corey were some of the first people who came to be the attendees of the examinations. Martha had doubts about the realness of the witch trials. Which she tried to speak forward about it but of course it made it seem suspicious in the eyes of other people and that was enough to accuse her of of working with the witches to stop these trials that have been going on. Mercy Lewis claimed that Marthas husband came to her as a specter and forced her to sign the Devils book. Giles Corey denying th at his wife was guilty of any sort of witchcraft was arrested by george herrick. He did not want to say anything he was not guilty or innocent of his charges. The people of the town of salem started to think that the trials were getting out of control with the killing of innocent peoples lives. On october 12 in 1692,The governor Philip ordered the protection of the current prisoners from the harm and the accuse of being a witch and off witchcraft. The only reason why this came to his attention was because now his own wife was being accused of a witch. The last trial was held January 1693 with the count of 19 people dead by hanging. They had to make sure the evidence was clear and they had to have way more evidence to prove someone guilty of any crime. Connor Mather spoke out to saleem and his first attempt at apology was an explanation in form of a defence of the court and the judged, and of course his own conduct. Now an outsider, replaced as it were by his father in the council their brethren(Hoffer 137). As the trials became a thing that was not considered human rights there were still a lot of people who were still in jail who could no t afford to pay the money to get out. The results of the salem witch trials left peoples crops to lead into failure because they were not attending to them instead they were attending to the witch trials. Reverend Samuel Parris job was on the edge of him losing it so he decided to attend a meditation for Peace sermon, admitting that he accused people of having to little in evidence.He did not gain the forgiveness that he was looking for in the village of Salem and agreed to leave Salem for good. Reverend Joseph green replaced Samuel Parris. Many of the people after the salem witch trials did not get along only because everyone accused other families of witchcraft. Not many people were easy to forgive. Citations Demos, John. The American Historical Review. The American Historical Review, vol. 75, no. 2, 1969, pp. 573â€Å"574. JSTOR, JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/1849818. Weisman, Richard. Witchcraft, Magic, and Religion in 17th-Century Massachusetts. The University of Massachusetts Press, 1984. Hoffer, Peter Charles. The Salem Witchcrafts Trials. The University Press of Kansas , 1997. Hill, Frances, and Karen Armstrong. A Delusion of Satan: the Full Story of the Salem Witch Trials. Da Capo Press, 2002.

Kant s Philosophy Of Philosophy - 2351 Words

The eighteenth-century German philosopher, tutor and professor, Immanuel Kant, contributed highly complex deontological works of philosophy during the time of the Age of Enlightenment—an era when learned men in society urged others to live according to reason and individualism, rather than continuing simply to follow tradition. This was a time for questioning, for employing scientific, evidentiary knowledge where once there had been action only according to faith, to unsupported beliefs. Kant s works aided in bringing important changes to the fields of epistemology and metaphysics; changes most famously outlined in his work, Critique of Pure Reason (1781). This was followed by: Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals (1785); Critique of Practical Reason (1788); and Metaphysics of Morals (1798). Despite their importance in the philosophical canon, Kantian ethics have the power to confound, imbued as they are with contradiction, and the flaws that inevitably attach to human th inking and reasoning in context with experience. Kant believed in acting from duty above all else, and that to do so in a moral fashion meant that one should act free of any self-interest or direct inclination—for example, even if one were to feel so grief-stricken as to wish for death, one s duty would be to continue to live rather than taking one s life; but the action of continuing to live would derive moral worth only from the choice to live for the sake of duty, and not because one had anyShow MoreRelatedKant s Philosophy Of Philosophy1220 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom the philosophical teachings of David Hume, when Immanuel Kant—Father of Western philosophy—entered the picture. Kant’s â€Å"central question was whether metaphysics—as the science of being itself—objects as they exist fundamentally and independently of our perceptions and interpretations, is possible† (Richards 1). It is said that Kant was sent to rescue philosophy f rom the hands of Hume. After consulting Hume’s works, however, Kant came to the â€Å"conclusion that metaphysics was not possible, butRead MoreKant s Philosophy On Moral Philosophy Essay1519 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough Kant s philosophy, outlined in The Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals, has some value as a moral guide, it alone is not always sufficient. After analysing Kant s objective moral imperative, I will show that implementing his philosophy has the potential to permit what is considered to be immoral. This is due to its rigid conditions, which are formed on the basis that he believes in the existence of a perfect morality that always holds true. However, I will argue that there is notRead MoreImmanuel Kant s Philosophy And Philosophy1389 Words   |  6 PagesResearch Paper- Immanuel Kant Immanuel Kant was a famous philosopher whose philosophical influences impacted almost every new philosophical idea, theory, concept etc. In a sense, he was considered the central face of contemporary philosophy. Kant spent his whole life in Russia. Starting out as a tutor, to then a professor, he lectured about everything; from geography to obviously philosophy. In his early life, he was raised to emphasize faith and religious feelings over reason and theological principlesRead MoreImmanuel Kant s Philosophy On Philosophy844 Words   |  4 Pagesnot know where and what to follow. Therefore, many philosophers came up with ideas to convince people to live  ¨better ¨. Rationalism related with the overview of mathematical approaches into philosophy during the period by the major rationalist figures such as Descartes, Leibniz and Spinoza developed people ´s way of thinking in many different ways. Rationalism is perspective which engages the rational and deductive reason, an opposit e structure from personal experience or teachings as the foundationRead MoreKant And Kant s Philosophy1657 Words   |  7 Pagesuniversal a priori condition which alone things can become objects of our cognition in general[.]† -Immanuel Kant, p 20 of Critique of Judgment This quote most aptly describes Kant’s purpose in writing a critique of aesthetic judgment, with the most important term being â€Å"transcendental.† The Oxford Dictionary defines the word as â€Å"presupposed in and necessary to experience† (what Kant refers to as a priori). 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With such notable works as Critiques of PracticalRead MoreKant s Philosophy On Moral Philosophy1991 Words   |  8 PagesKant really focuses his arguments regarding to moral rules that are necessary and universal, such as moral law that would hold up to all rational beings. In Kantian ethics, Kant offers two different explanations of moral law, the formula of the universal law of nature and the formula of humanity as an end in itself. In this paper, I am going to focus on explaining, reconstruct, and analyze on the first topic which is the formula of the universal law of nature regarding to the lying promise. KantRead MoreKant And Kant s Theory Of Philosophy953 Words   |  4 PagesINFLUENCED BY: Kant was influenced by the scientist known for discovering gravity, Isaac Newton. Kant viewed the universe in a very mechanistic way, i.e., things operated according to fixed rules and emphasized the pre-eminence of reason as an authority for knowledge. It was this emphasis on reason that lead him towards his deontological theory, therefore he was concerned with the actions, not the consequences. Kant theory was influenced by: †¢ Religion: Kant thinking was used in Britain to challenge

Myer Australia Case - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 521 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/09/22 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? Firm overview Myer is an iconic Australia department store brand for over 100 years. It has grown through a combination of organic growth and acquisitions. Myer currently operate 65 department stores in all major shopping centres across Australia. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Myer Australia Case" essay for you Create order It targets a broad range of Australian population, offering more than 600,000 product lines from over 800 suppliers internationally. The group employs 14,000 people and majority of these employees will be on the floor. As a leader in this industry, Myer generates total sales vale of over $3. billion in financial year 2009, and it has estimated the potential impact of new stores and private label on sales and earnings in the next four financial years. Myer issued the initial public offer of shares (IPO). Strength As a result of the turnaround initiatives undertaken and the large capital supported, Myers competitive advantages have been expanded. Over the last few years, Myer has a better economic profit than the average amount in the industry. Apparently Myer has a well-recognised and reputable with a history of 100 years and the offering of private label enforce the brand strength in some ways. Myer aims to provide customers with a broad range of product categories. It also offers a wide range of domestic and international brands at different price points. Myer has strong distribution channels that include four distribution centres and four international centres which provide productivity and increased international sourcing of products. As mentioned above, Myer operates 65 stores in the prime locations currently and therefore strong national store network is set up which difficult to replicate and capture. Moreover, Myer has a strong customer base, with over three million members of Myer one loyalty program. According to the data, it is approximately 185 million visits in FY2009. Challenge The challenge of Myer is how to assess and minimize the risks. In the current situation, there are risks arised from both macro environment and micro environment. The macro risk faced by Myer is the systematic risk which cannot be controlled or predicted by Myer. The financial performance of Myer and industry will be affected. The current economy conditions in Australia have been relatively stable. However, it is not a guarantee that Myer will achieve their objectives during the next financial period. On the other hand, there are a number of risks specific to Myers operation. The first one could be execution risk. As Myer is running a number of projects in parallel, it is more likely a failure of which could occur. Also, property risk may affect the new stores roll-out program. New stores will attribute a large part to Myers financial growth in the report. If there is any impact from macro economy or the EBIT protection, the new store or refurbishment could be delayed. Therefore it may not achieve their objectives properly. Moreover, inventory risk is the key risk for any retailer company. Change in any of the conditions such as weather, competitor offering could potentially result in a reduction of sales, or inventory write-downs. Furthermore, other challenges could arise from the change of customer preferences or the relationship between Myer and its suppliers. All these challenges could occur and affect Myers financial performance.

Do Teens Need Sleep - 1450 Words

Teens Need Sleep â€Å"For better teen health, push the snooze button on school start times† (Ornes). There are many risks connected to starting school too early that go from health risks to far more things. Even though changing school start times may be costly schools should start later because moving back start times would increase academic performance, lessen health problems , and reduce safety risks. The average start time of schools is 8:03 A.M (Wheaton, Ferro, and Croft 810). 8:03 is way too early for teens to get up and start trying to focus and learn and do it effectively. Students are recommended to receive 8.5 to 9 hours of sleep a night. With schools starting so early teens are not able to get the amount of sleep needed to take in as much knowledge as they could if schools started later. The main reason teens’ brains aren’t ready to operate at this early time is because the part of your brain called the circadian clock is disrupted by thrown off sleep schedules (Ornes). By this internal clock being thrown off students won’t operate to their full potential and this is why school start times must be pushed back. Boys and girls go to bed at 10:30 on average (Paksarian et al). With teenagers going to sleep on average at this time there is no way they are able to get the amount of sleep they need to function properly. 8:30 or after are when scho ols are recommended to start for proper teen sleep (Boergers). By schools pushing back their start times isShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Teens On Children s Life Essay951 Words   |  4 Pages Teens need to sleep more than bear who need to hibernate during winter for their own health. Teens need to sleep about 8 to 10 hours of sleep to function best and most teens do not get enough sleep study found that only 15 % do not sleep during school night. Teens natural sleep cycle puts them in conflict with school start times and most high school students need an alarm clock or a parent to wake them on school days. Teen are like zombies when they are getting ready for school and some teen findRead More Sleepless and Irritable956 Words   |  4 PagesMany studies have been done on how many hours of sleep teens need and how lack of sleep can affect their lives. Sleep has an impact on teens and their concentration, their mood and the way they function doing things in day to day living. Studies show that teens should sleep 8 to 10 hours a night however; many are not getting the recommended amount of sleep to help them (The Science Of Sleep. 60 Minutes. Narr. Lesley Stahl. Prod. Sha ri Finkelstein. CBS. 16 Mar 2008). A lot of teenagers stay upRead MoreSchool Should Start Later With The Lack Of Sleep1324 Words   |  6 Pagesstart later in the morning. Do teens know how many problems can come with the lack of sleep? with sleep deprivation comes many long term effects on people s mental and physical health.lacking sleep is a cause of depression, obesity ,and makes it hard to function in school. School shouldn’t start as early as it does.because, it s unhealthy and lowers academic scores. Lack of sleep puts teens at risk for mental and physical issues.Less amounts of sleep put teens at a higher risk for depressionRead MoreThe Effects Of Lack Of Sleep Deprivation On Children1315 Words   |  6 Pagesstart later in the morning. Do teens know how many problems can come with the lack of sleep? with sleep deprivation comes many long term effects on people s mental and physical health.lacking sleep is a cause of depression, obesity ,and makes it hard to function in school. School shouldn’t start as early as it does.because, it s unhealthy and lowers academic scores. Lack of sleep puts teens at risk for mental and physical issues.Less amounts of sleep put teens at a higher risk for depressionRead MoreAdolescent Sleep Deprivation: Causes, Effects, and Prevention1438 Words   |  6 PagesAdolescent Sleep Deprivation: Causes, Effects, and Prevention Adolescent sleep deprivation is a common problem in today’s society, and it is also a very dangerous one. There have been numerous studies done to determine the causes of sleep deprivation in teenagers, the most prevalent being teens not getting enough sleep due to things like jobs and early school start times. There are many perceived dangers of this, such as sleepiness while driving and a risk for hypertension. There are a few waysRead MoreShould School Day Start Later? Essay1395 Words   |  6 PagesEven though that schools are starting too early and students aren t getting enough sleep. 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The interactionsRead MoreSummary : Investigative Journalism Essay952 Words   |  4 PagesSavannah Hamman Ms. Falbo Investigative Journalism 21 October 2016 Sleep and Students She woke up and stretched the stiffness from her limbs as she glanced at the clock, squinting through the blur of her tired eyes. 6:30 am, it read back to her, she sighed as she inched her way out of bed, not wanting to reach the edge and just stay in the warmth of her cozy sheets all day. When she finally stumbled into school, the students all around her were exactly the same. They walked the halls onlyRead MoreSleep Deprivation In Adolescents. Sleep Is Very Important.1741 Words   |  7 PagesSleep Deprivation in Adolescents Sleep is very important. Many people have probably heard this many times, but often they do not realize how important it really is, especially for adolescents. A scary statistic from the National Sleep Foundation states that driving as a sleep deprived individual is equivalent to driving with a BAC (Blood Alcohol Content) of around 0.08%. Additionally, annually more than 100,000 accidents happen because of sleep deprived drivers(â€Å"Teens and Sleep†, p.1). Some peopleRead MoreSleeping Habits1419 Words   |  6 Pagesamount of sleep every night is a must if you want your body to function at its highest performance throughout the day. Over half the population in America has admitted to not getting enough sleep. Bad sleep habits can really have a negative affect on teens. There are some tips that a teen can follow to help change those habits to get a better night sleep. Hopefully after reading this paper you will be more informed on how to get a good night sleep. One of the most common tendencies that teens have is

Chief Executive Officer Compensation in the Financial...

The issue of chief executive officer compensation is the subject of dilemma in the United States. This dilemma often triggers questions as to who decides what compensation is rewarded, as well as how compensation is rewarded. The government strongly resents the current pay-ration between CEOs and the average salary of American citizens. Since the financial crisis, people have shown their displeasure with the hefty compensation chief executive officers receives. But when stunning management failures and unprecedented destruction of shareholder value are brought into the light, it becomes increasingly difficult to defend current executive remuneration policies with these economic underpinnings. For example, the â€Å"Occupy Wall Street† movement began in 2011 in protest of the increasing disparity of wealth among other reasons lying within corporate America. The peak of CEO compensation came in 2001, and it is still difficult to argue whether the financial crisis of 2008 or the change in compensation strategy has slightly stagnated the exponential growth the started in the mid 1970’s. The sentiment around the problem is whether the large banks’ CEO compensation are fair to their employees, shareholders, and the community as a whole. There is a plethora of steps to comprehend in developing how the CEO compensation debate came about. The reasons for this growth rely on bank deregulation. During difficult financial times after the mortgage crisis, arguments both for and againstShow MoreRelatedCEO Waives Annual Bonus1627 Words   |  7 Pagesone the leading supermarkets in the United Kingdom. The chain was founded in 1899 by William Morrison, with headquarters situated in Bradford, England. At the beginning of 2010, Dalton Philips was appointed Chief Executive Officer of the company. Since becoming the company’s Chief Executive, Dalton Philips has piloted Morrisons into various new business ventures geared towards the growth of profit. The company has introduced e-commerce as a means of purchasing its goods and launched a series ofRead MoreA Brief N ote On Executive Compensation And Non Monetary Benefits1444 Words   |  6 PagesThe term compensation refers to all forms of financial returns and tangible benefits that employees receive in exchange for their time, talents, efforts, performance, and results (Bernardin, 2013). Executive compensation is defined as the financial payments and non-monetary benefits provided to high level management in exchange for their work on behalf of an organization. The types of employees that are typically paid with executive compensation packages include corporate presidents, chief executiveRead MoreCompensation Program for Walt Disney Company1890 Words   |  7 PagesCompensation Program for Walt Disney Company: Walt Disney Company is an expanded global company with operations in four major business segments i.e. Studio Entertainment, Media Networks, Consumer Products and Parks and Resorts. The company has a workforce of more than 15,000 employees in more than 40 countries across the globe. In addition to having a huge workforce, the firm is largely renowned for its success and profitability in all its business segments on an annual basis. One of the most importantRead MoreTesla s Executive Compensation Policy1700 Words   |  7 Pages657 â€Å"Tesla’s Executive Compensation Policy†Ã‚ ¬ Edward E. Lalwer, a major contributor to theory, research, and practice in the fields of human resources management, compensation, organizational development, and organizational effectiveness, states an effective compensation system will support an organization s overall strategy as executive s impact many areas. Executive compensation is a business expense that should be reasonable and competitive because money spent on compensation is not availableRead MoreTyco International Accounting Fraud Case Study1544 Words   |  6 Pagesmajor player in the global electronics industry, Tyco International has claimed more than 40 major acquisitions in addition to other minor ones. Accounting Fraud Carried Out By Tyco: Tyco International is a company that mainly reflects the present state of business in the United States. Before the accounting fraud was discovered among its top management, the company had registered huge profits for more than a decade mainly through acquisitions and financial manipulations (Kay, 2002). Through theseRead MoreEffects Of A Preceptorship Program On Turnover Rate, Cost, Quality And Professional Development913 Words   |  4 Pagesthrough performance improvement. Incentive Features in CEO Compensation in the Banking Industry In general I agree that incentive features in Chief Executive Officer (CEO) compensation will lead to optimal outcomes. However, this is assuming that the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) is aware and taking actions to mitigate as much investment risk as possible. As the authors of, Incentive Features in CEO Compensation in the Banking Industry, explain, â€Å"alignment of the incentives of top managers withRead MoreCEOs, Workers, and the Costs of Excess634 Words   |  3 PagesExcess Students Name Course Title May 3, 2013 CEOs, Workers, and the Costs of Excess The term executive pay has acquired bad connotations over the past decade or so and the recent Occupy Wall Street movement brought this issue back into public consciousness on a worldwide scale (Minder, 2013). In Switzerland, the parliament recently passed legislation that would limit executive compensation excesses under threat of fines and imprisonment and the European Parliament agreed to limit banker bonusesRead MoreAustralian Securities And Investments V. Macdonald Essay1296 Words   |  6 PagesInvestments launched civil proceedings in the supreme court of New South Wales against James Hardies Industries, its directors and officers. It was found that each of them had failed in his duty to exercise care and diligence and breached the Corporation Act 2001.This case is considered as a landmark decision in Australia corporate governance as it sheds light on role of directors and executives when taking important matters to the board and implementing them. JAMES HARDIE’S PERFORMANCE James HardieRead MoreTaking a Look at the FedEx Corporation974 Words   |  4 Pagesnumber one in Express Delivery industry for customer satisfaction. Company Profile FedEx has three levels of executive positions in HR Management. The first level is Board of Directors; they in charge of information technology omission and supervise all the operations broadly, control and nominating, compensation and audit and so on. The second level is Executive President and Chief Executive Officer; they are in charge for final decisions, global activities and executive management of FedEx. Their specificRead MoreGeneral Motors : An American Based Multinational Company1543 Words   |  7 Pagescommonly known as GM. The headquarters of GM is located at Detroit, Michigan. GM is mainly famous for the designs, manufactures, markets, and distributes vehicle parts and for the financial services. The logo of General Motors: General Motors are a public based business entity and it is an automotive industry. The founders of General Motors are William C. Durant, Charles Stewart Mott and Fredrick L. Smith. It was founded in the year 1908 September 16th. GM is currently located in 396 facilities

Three Ethic Models free essay sample

This essay will explain the three ethic models, which are the utilitarian model, moral rights model and justice model (Waddell et al. 2007, 166), the application of these ethic models pertaining to the case study, and which ethic model would be best referred to in deciding the course of action to take to solve the problem that has arisen due to the circumstances that happened due to the employers forcing minimum wage exemption of their employees. (Roberts 2013) Waddell et al. (2007, 164) suggests that ethics as how people or groups perceive decisions as right or wrong differently. An ethical decision made according to the utilitarian model is defined by the most benefit for the most number of individuals. (Waddell et al. 2007, 166) Jardins and McCall (1985, 368) suggest that to further understand the meaning of employee rights, one would look at what both the managers and employees would goods both parties are aiming for in an employment agreement. Both parties will have differing aims and strategies to create changes or benefits from and for the company, resulting in a conflict of interest. Gill 2003, 308) For instance, managers would set a target to maximize the profits of the company and â€Å"maintain the firm’s long-term growth and stability (Jardins and McCall 1985, 368); while employees may aim to gain benefits and have a comfortable life, which is obtained by receiving at least minimum pay, or even â€Å"higher wages†. (Jardins and McCall 1985, 368) Managers have the responsibility to analyze the situation carefully, and make a decision that would benefits the highest number of stakeholders, i. . the employees. (Waddell et. Al 2007, 166) If wage rates were to be increased, the company would make lower profits. (Jardins and McCall 1985, 368) Wage increments would add to the production costs, so customers would not want to purchase the products if they become too expensive, therefore decreasing profits ove r time. Granting benefits could potentially â€Å"threaten long-term stability† in the long run. (Jardins and McCall 1985, 368) Suppose the manager decides to reject the employees’ requests and demand. In which case, the company’s profits and stability will be sustained, customers are kept happy with low product costs, but the employees will barely survive on low wages, even more so if they are receiving less than minimum wage. A ethical decision made according to the moral rights model is a decision made on a basis that it preserves and conserves the basic human rights and privileges of the individuals as best as possible. (Waddell et al. 2007, 166) People are morally responsible to ensure that each other are able to have a life that is minimally good. Jeurissen 2007, 3) Stakeholders make up the organization, so it is important to know and understand their interests in the company. (Jeurissen 2007, 3) Takemura (2009, 27) stated that the United States’ delegate support that people have to respect the rights of objectors, so ensuring minimum wage is the highest priority. Dealing under the Fair Trade standards means that companies must treat its stakeholders in a fair a nd just manner, with employers granting its employees their workers’ rights, such as minimum wages, good safety standards, and proper housing. Fair Trade International 2013) For the protection of their rights, every worker has the right to affiliation with trade unions. (Kallstrom and Eide 1999, 489) Trade unions exist for the purpose of maintaining or improving the conditions of their employment. (Webb and Webb 1920, 28) Under the moral rights model, managers should take the course of action that best maintains the rights and principles of the organization’s stakeholders. (Waddell et al. 2007, 166) For instance, any course of action taken that has a great negative impact on a stakeholder would be considered unethical. Waddell et al. 2007, 166) Hence, trade unions will strive to uphold the rights of the employees, while managers cannot implement the minimum wage exemption without the consent of the workers. (Roberts 2013) Since the workers did not give their consent, t hey have the right to receive nothing less minimum wages. (Roberts 2013) The justice model defines decisions made that distribute both negative and positive outcomes among stakeholders in a fair and impartial manner as an ethical decision. (Waddell et al. 2007, 166) A right is usually nothing more than a claim or demand, unless there is a tool that enables the implementation of the right or is built into the â€Å"institutional structure†. (Halstead and Pike 2006, 29) Rights have been constituted as the best way to maintaining the â€Å"just resolution of conflict and general human well-being†, and is recognized by the law. (Halstead and Pike 2006, 29) The right to minimum wages is a socio-economic right. (Jeurissen 2007, 3) Jeurissen (2007, 3) stated that rights are requisite when it comes to individuals cooperating within in a corporate organization. There are several examples of socio-economic rights, such as legislation and collective labour agreements, a category of rights in which the right to minimum wage is included. Every individual is able to exercise their rights, as resolution by the law. (Opsahl and Dimitrijevic 1999, 633) The resolution was made so that rights could be recognized and respected, in order for justice to be possible, should any of these rights be violated or disrespected by the relevant authorities. (Opsahl and Dimitrijevic 1999, 633) Rights should not be restricted in order to have social equilibrium within an organization. Opsahl and Dimitrijevic 1999, 634) Furthermore, â€Å"a justice approach to the minimum wage would enable us to consider our values†. (Levin-Waldman 2000, 43) A manager referring to the justice ethic model should consider that rights are recognized by the law, and therefore should abide by the law by respecting the employees’ rights; otherwise the governmental authoriti es would have to take action on the manager. Based on the analysis of all three ethic models, the best ethic model to apply to the case study is as per the thesis statement, which is the moral rights ethic model. The workers of the Nike factories in Indonesia should be allowed their minimum wage. As stated earlier, minimum wages are a fundamental right of an individual. The activist Jim Keady also stated that forcing minimum wage exemption on workers is a â€Å"clear violation of Nike’s code of conduct. † (Roberts 2013) Also, the workers should be able to enjoy at least minimum comfortable living conditions, as well as be protected from harsh treatment in the workplace. The manager of Nike should recognize and respect the rights of the workers and not force the exemption of minimum wage upon them. The management could perceive the company to lose some of its customers, and potentially be at a financial loss in the long-run. On the other hand, the trade unions and activists are satisfied that their principles and values are being upheld, and the workers’ rights are protected. Indeed, Employees should be treated fairly and their rights should be upheld. People are morally responsible to ensure that each other are able to have a life that is minimally good. (Jeurissen 2007, 3) Stakeholders make up the organization, so it is important to know and understand their interests in the company. Jeurissen 2007, 3) In which case, the workers can be considered important stakeholders in the organization, so it is unethical to enforce a minimum wage exemption against their will. Should the manager be proven guilty of forcing employees to sign a contract implementing the exemption of minimum wages, he or she should question their values as to whether or not their actions adhere to Nike ’s claims that they â€Å"care about the welfare of their workers† and â€Å"want to see them have decent lives†. In short, the manager should respect the employees’ right to minimum wage. Reference List Des Jardins, Joseph R. and John J. McCall. 1985. â€Å"A defense of employee rights. † Journal of Business Ethics 4(5): 367-376. doi: 10. 1007/BF02388589 Gill, Roger. 2003. â€Å"Change management or change leadership? † Journal of Change Management 3(4): 307-318. http://edocs. library. curtin. edu. au/eres_display. cgi? url=DC60118593. pdfamp;copyright=1 Jeurissen, Ronald, eds. 2007. Ethics amp; Business. Netherlands: Van Gorcum. Kallstrom, Kent and Asbjern Eide. 1999. â€Å"Article 23. † In The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, edited by Gudmundur Alfredsson and Asbjern Eide, 489-510. Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. Levin-Waldman, Oren M. 2000. Minimum Wage and Justice? Review of Social Economy 58(1): 43-62. doi: 10. 1080/003467600363101 Opsahl, Torkel and Vojin Dimitrijevic. 1999. â€Å"Article 29. † In The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: A Common Standard of Achievement, edited by Gudmundur Alfredsson and Asbjern Eide, 489-510. Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. Roberts, George. 2013. ABC News. Nike workers claim military paid to intimidate them. Accessed March 19, http://www. abc. et. au/news/2013-01-15/nike-accused-of-using-military-to-intimidate-factory-workers/4465058. Takemura, Hitomi. 2009. International Human Right to Conscientious Objection to Military Service and Individual Duties to Disobey Manifestly Illegal Orders. Berlin, Germany: Springer. Waddell, Dianne, Jennifer Devine, Gareth R. Jones, and Jennifer M. George. 2007. Contemporary Management. North Ryde, NSW: McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Limited. Webb, Sidney and Beatr ice Webb. 1920. History of Trade Unionism. London: Longmans and Co.

The Concept of Integrated Reporting-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Financial Sustainability Integrated Reporting. Answer: Introduction: Corporate governance is crucial for every organization. In the given case, corporate governance has been analyzed. Ms Serrah was interested to do a course in integrated reporting but due to some issues, she has moved on and didnt appear in the course. Now in this case, she has shown her willingness to know more about integrated reporting and corporate governance. In this report, the main study has been done over the integrated reporting. The origin of integrated origin is in corporate governance. It assists the organization in enhancing the ability of the company in managing the value of the organization in short term, medium term and long term. The corporate governance is an internal system which contains the process, procedure, people and various strategies that serve the needs and requirements of the stakeholders as well as shareholders by managing, directing and controlling the activities by the top level management of the company along with savvy, integrity and objectivity of the company. The main goal of this report is to analyze and explain the importance, relationship and concepts of the integrated reporting. Further, various other concept of the integrated reporting has also been analyzed to enlighten the concept of integrated reporting for Ms Serrah. Corporate governance: Corporate governance, corporate reporting, responsibility and integrated reporting are the significant terms which have been used in an international business to manage the business. The main motive behind enhancing these terms is the financial crisis and the various problems in the market. The enhancement incidence behind integrated reporting is of accounting scandals and environmental disaster (Eccles Krzus, 2010). Further, business concepts are quite complex and thus it is required for the businesses to manage and maintain the corporate reporting. The concept of corporate reporting makes it simple for the business to enlarge the business. Earlier, the financial reporting used to be enough for the international business to manage and analyze the performance and the position in the market. But now the market has been complex and with the complexity, various problems have also been enhanced in the market (Jensen Berg, 2012). So, the concept of integrated reporting would be useful for the company to manage all the complexity and the problems in the organization. Firstly, the concept of integrated reporting depict that the performance of an international company bases over various financial and non-financial factors. For analyzing the better performance of the company, it becomes important for the management of the company to relate all these aspects and the variables with the help of the integrated reporting to make a better study and decision (Frias?Aceituno, Rodriguez?Ariza Garcia?Sanchez, 2013). Interpreted reporting connects governance, financial, non financial, remuneration, social, environmental and economical factors of a company. The concept of integrated reporting could also be analyzed through the definition that this concept follows the targets and strategies of the company to set the business. Literature review: The concept of integrated reporting could be understood more briefly through conducting a study over various articles, study and magazine. Currently, entire corporate scandals have been taken place due to corporate scandals and the insufficient control system over the business. This all has impacted the policies and corporate governance power of the company. Basically corporate governance arises because of conflicts among two parties of the company and their interest. The associated parties are managers of the company and the shareholders of the company. de Villiers, Rinaldi Unerman, (2014) has defined that the corporate governance is n internal system which contains the process, procedure, people and various strategies that serves the needs and requirements of the stakeholders as well as shareholders by managing, directing and controlling the activities by the top level management of the company along with savvy, integrity and objectivity of the company (Adams Simnett, 2011). Further, various organizations and the corporate governance department of various countries have explained that the corporate governance is a set of companionship among the management of the company, board of directors, shareholders of the company and the stakeholders of the company. Further, Eccles Saltzman, (2011) has explained in his study that corporate governance explains the various significant issues which manages and integrates the social, economical and environmental values and the business operations of the company. According to the Flower (2015), it is required for every organization to manage and maintain the position of the corporate governance in an organization. Corporate governance must be disclosed by the every organization on the aspect of politics, risk, social values, stakeholders perspective etc. to manage the diversity in the organization. Corporate governance is a critical aspect of an organization. Nowadays, the principle of integrated reporting has been more complex with the increased diversity and competition in the market. Current changes into the corporate governance and integrated reporting have been driven changes into the global level (Abeysekera, 2013). Currently corporate governance has been managed and arose by the companies to reduce the level of complexity. Ruggie (2011) has depicted in a study depict the corporate governance is a sign of modern technology and changes in an organization. More, Admas (2015), has briefed in his study that corporate governance explains the various significant issues which manages and integrates the social, economical and environmental values and the business operations of the company. Integrated reporting is suitable for a company for a short term, long term and medium term for a business. It assists the company to manage and administer the various policies and the complexity in the operations of a business (Cheng et al, 2014). Integrated reporting explains about the information of an organization in context of financial and non financial term. It also expresses about the performance, strategy, prospects and governance which reflects the commercial, social and environmental context in which the corporate governance performs. This concept offers the concise and clear picture about the organization. This concept creates and enhances the value of the company in future (Suter, Oelke, Adair Armitage, 2009). An international committee has also been set by the international organization community. This organizational committee evaluates the corporate governance and integrated reporting of an organization and takes further steps accordingly. More, the concept of integrated reporting depict that the performance of an international company bases over various financial and non-financial factors (Cheng et al, 2014). For analyzing the better performance of the company, it becomes important for the management of the company to relate all these aspects and the variables with the help of the integrated reporting to make a better study and decision (Busco, 2014). According to the Admas (2015), it is required for every organization to manage and maintain the position of the corporate governance in an organization. Current changes into the corporate governance and integrated reporting have been driven changes into the global level. Interpreted reporting connects governance, financial, non financial, remuneration, social, environmental and economical factors of a company (de Villiers, Rinaldi Unerman, 2014). The concept of integrated reporting could also be analyzed through the definition that this concept follows the targets and strategies of the company to set the business. Further, it has been explained by Dumitru, Glavan, Gorgan Dumitru, 2013) that Corporate governance, corporate reporting, responsibility and integrated reporting are the significant terms which have been used in an international business to manage the business. Moreover, a study of Azapagic, (2003) express that the main motive behind enhancing Corporate governance and responsibility and integrated reporting are the financial crisis and the various problems in the market. Further, it has been added by Daub (2007) that the enhancement incidence behind integrated reporting is of accounting scandals and environmental disaster. Further, business concepts are quite complex and thus it is required for the businesses to manage and maintain the corporate reporting (Schaltegger Wagner, 2006). The concept of corporate reporting makes it simple for the business to enlarge the business. Jensen Berg, (2012) has depicted into his study that in ancient times, financial reporting was quite enough for the companies which are performing their business in the international market, to manage and analyze the performance and the position in the market. But now the market has been complex and with the complexity, various problems have also been enhanced in the market. Further, as a conclusive study, it has been expressed by OECD (2017) that the concept of integrated reporting would be useful for the company to manage all the complexity and the problems in the organization. Further, according to the study of Burritt, Hahn Schaltegger, (2002), it has been found that the integrated reporting is a process which has been founded by the organization on the perspective of integrated thinking that outcomes in a periodic report of integrated system by a company about the creation of value over time, communication and other related factors. More, it has also been defined that the integrated reporting is an integrated representation and holistic of the companys performance in terms of responsibility as well as sustainability and finance of the company. Corporate governance as integrated reports part: Because, nowadays many companies, governments and the stakeholders have already known the significance of social, environmental, governance information as a huge part of annual report which is needed by the organization. Integrated reporting is the main part which offers stakeholders, government and the management of the company about the full picture of structured around, performance and business model, strategic objective of organization which includes financial and non financial information of the company. According to the Schaltegger Wagner, (2006), an integrated reporting is the summary of communication about the governance, strategy, policy, prospects, performance in concern of external environment of the company to lead the value creation in short term, long term and medium term of the business. In different words, the concept of integrated reporting is a significant document which communicates with the companies, governments and the stakeholders about the current position of the company and the governance, strategy, policy, prospects, performance of the company. This report expresses the stakeholders about the value creation story of the organization and policies in an understandable manner. Thus, the reports of integrated reporting depict about the activities, risks, abilities and opportunities of the company which has been grabbed by the company or could be grabbed by the company in near future (Enquist, Johnson Skln, 2006). It has been suggested that the main documents of the company and its communication level is integrated reporting. It has been suggested that the most significant factors and guiding principles which refers to the information which is not correct. Following are some of the elements of the corporate governance: Business model and organizational overview: This system assists the organization to analyze that how the sustainable value could be created in long, short and medium term? Including risk, operating context and opportunities: This system assists the organization to analyze that what could be the associated risk, opportunities and the operating context of the company in order to manage and enhance the operations and the performance of the company? (IIRC, 2013) Strategy and strategic objective to achieve the objectives: This system assists the organization to analyze that what are the objectives and what could be the strategies to achieve that goals of the company in order to manage and enhance the operations and the performance of the company? Future outlook: This system assists the organization to analyze that what are the opportunities, strategies, threats, challenges, uncertainties and other aspects of the company in order to manage and enhance the performance of the company? Performance: This system assists the organization to analyze that what could be the factors in an organization which could enhance the performance of a company? (O'Donovan. 2003). Governance and remuneration: This system assists the organization to analyze about various policies and governance structure of an organization in order to manage and enhance the operations and the performance of the company? The above details depict that various concepts, performance, position, Performa, profitability position etc of the company which focuses over the demands and the corporate governance of the company. It enhances the organization to maintain and manage the full picture of structured around, performance and business model, strategic objective of organization which includes financial and non financial information of the company. Relationship between integrated reporting and corporate governance: The companies want to make sustainable values in order to enhance the financial values and non financial values of the company which is required by the business to manage the values for stakeholders and for the society to present and offer information to the stakeholders (IIRC, 2013). Corporate governance is a part of the integrated reports of the company which is developed by the organization in order to manage and rebuild the faith of the stakeholders and to manage the feelings of interest of managers in line with owners interest. Basically, the most important principles of the corporate governance are: Fairness Responsibility Transparency Accountability The above factors depict that corporate governance mainly stand up over fairness, transparency, accountability and fairness of the corporation. Accountability is a principle which emphasize over the responsibility of the business and its impact over the environment. Further, it has been found that following are some of the guiding principles of corporate governance: Future orientation Connectivity of information Strategic focus Stakeholder and responsiveness inclusiveness Reliability Materiality Conciseness (IIRC, 2011) The research methodology which has been used to describe the companionship corporate governance and integrated reporting are empirical analysis of the content and structure of published reports of various public companies. Integrated reporting is suitable for a company for a short term, long term and medium term for a business. It assists the company to manage and administer the various policies and the complexity in the operations of a business. The corporate governance is an internal system which contains the process, procedure, people and various strategies that serve the needs and requirements of the stakeholders as well as shareholders by managing, directing and controlling the activities by the top level management of the company along with savvy, integrity and objectivity of the company. Following is the relationship structure of integrated reporting ad corporate governance:(O'Donovan. 2003) Firstly, the concept of integrates reporting is lied over the integrated reporting and thinking which promotes the internal process for understand the interest and needs of different stakeholders/ investors. The organizations which assist the integrated documents for reporting are quite good to communicate the global performance of the company. Further, it also connects the financial information and non financial information of a company which includes those factors which focuses towards the future, embedded in integrated reporting could enhance corporate governance (OECD, 2017). Further, it has been explained by Admas (2015) that Corporate governance, corporate reporting, responsibility and integrated reporting are the significant terms which have been used in an international business to manage the business. Moreover, a study of Daub (2007) express that the main motive behind enhancing Corporate governance and responsibility and integrated reporting are the financial crisis and the various problems in the market. Further, it has been added by Azapagic, (2003) that the enhancement incidence behind integrated reporting is of accounting scandals and environmental disaster. Further, business concepts are quite complex and thus it is required for the businesses to manage and maintain the corporate reporting. The concept of corporate reporting makes it simple for the business to enlarge the business. Further, it has also been analyzed that the main focuses of the company is in integrated reporting as integrated reporting is the main part which offers stakeholders, government and the management of the company about the full picture of structured around, performance and business model, strategic objective of organization which includes financial and non financial information of the company. According to the Eccles, Krzus, Rogers Serafeim, (2012), an integrated reporting is the summary of communication about the governance, strategy, policy, prospects, performance in concern of external environment of the company to lead the value creation in short term, long term and medium term of the business. Further, it has been found through the study of Busco (2014) that in ancient times, financial reporting was quite enough for the companies which are performing their business in the international market, to manage and analyze the performance and the position in the market. But now the market has been complex and with the complexity, various problems have also been enhanced in the market (Cheng et al, 2014). It assists the company to manage and administer the various policies and the complexity in the operations of a business. Conclusion: Through the above study, it has been found that the various changes have taken place into the position of corporate governance. Because, nowadays many companies, governments and the stakeholders have already known the significance of social, environmental, governance information as a huge part of annual report which is needed by the organization. Integrated reporting and corporate governance is the main part which offers stakeholders, government and the management of the company about the full picture of structured around, performance and business model, strategic objective of organization which includes financial and non financial information of the company. An integrated reporting is the summary of communication about the governance, strategy, policy, prospects, performance in concern of external environment of the company to lead the value creation in short term, long term and medium term of the business. In ancient times, financial reporting was quite enough for the companies which are performing their business in the international market, to manage and analyze the performance and the position in the market. But now the market has been complex and with the complexity, various problems have also been enhanced in the market. It assists the company to manage and administer the various policies and the complexity in the operations of a business. The origin of integrated origin is in corporate governance. It assists the organization in enhancing the ability of the company in managing the value of the organization in short term, medium term and long term. References: Abeysekera, I. (2013). A template for integrated reporting.Journal of Intellectual Capital,14(2), 227-245. Adams, C. (2015).Understanding integrated reporting: The concise guide to integrated thinking and the future of corporate reporting. Do Sustainability. Adams, S., Simnett, R. (2011). Integrated Reporting: An opportunity for Australia's not?for?profit sector.Australian Accounting Review,21(3), 292-301. Azapagic, A. (2003). Systems approach to corporate sustainability: a general management framework.Process Safety and Environmental Protection,81(5), 303-316. Burritt, R. L., Hahn, T., Schaltegger, S. (2002). Towards a comprehensive framework for environmental management accountingLinks between business actors and environmental management accounting tools.Australian Accounting Review,12(27), 39-50. Busco, C. A. (2014).Integrated reporting. Springer,. Cheng, M., Green, W., Conradie, P., Konishi, N., Romi, A. (2014). The international integrated reporting framework: key issues and future research opportunities.Journal of International Financial Management Accounting,25(1), 90-119. Cheng, M., Green, W., Conradie, P., Konishi, N., Romi, A. (2014). The international integrated reporting framework: key issues and future research opportunities.Journal of International Financial Management Accounting,25(1), 90-119. Daub, C. H. (2007). Assessing the quality of sustainability reporting: an alternative methodological approach.Journal of Cleaner Production,15(1), 75-85. de Villiers, C., Rinaldi, L., Unerman, J. (2014). 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The international integrated reporting council: a story of failure.Critical Perspectives on Accounting,27, 1-17. Frias?Aceituno, J. V., Rodriguez?Ariza, L., Garcia?Sanchez, I. M. (2013). The role of the board in the dissemination of integrated corporate social reporting.Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management,20(4), 219-233. IIRC (2011). Towards integrated reporting communicating value in the 21st century. Availabe online at : https://integratedreporting.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/IR-Discussion-Paper-2011_spreads.pdf [Accessed 28 November 2017] IIRC (2013). Consultation draft of the international framework. Available online at: https://integratedreporting.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Consultation-Draft-of-theInternationalIRFramework.pdf [Accessed 28 November 2017] Jensen, J. C., Berg, N. (2012). Determinants of traditional sustainability reporting versus integrated reporting. An institutionalist approach.Business Strategy and the Environment,21(5), 299-316. 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