Monday, September 30, 2019
The Moon and Sixpence Summary
THE MOON AND SIXPENCE Topic: The theme revealed in the novel â€Å"The moon and sixpence†Outline: I. Summary about writer and the novel â€Å" The moon and sixpence†II. Two themes revealed in the novel â€Å"The moon and sixpence†1. The revolt of an individual against the well- established conventions of  bourgeois society 2. No rooms for trivial and ordinary pleasures of life in Great Art III. Conclusion Summary about the writer and the novel â€Å" The moon and sixpence†1. William Somerset Maugham (1874-1965) W. S.Maugham is famous English writer, well-known as a novelist, playwright and shortstory writer. In his writings he kept to the principles of Realism, but his method of writing was also influenced by Naturalism, Neo-romanticism and Modernism. W. S. Maugham was born in Paris where his father worked as solicitor for the English Embassy. At the age of 10, Maugham was orpha ned and sent to England to live with his uncle, thevicar of Whitstable. Before becoming a writer he was educated at King's School, Canterbury, and Heidelberg University, Maugham then studied six years medicine in London.William worked in a hospital of Saint Thomas, which placed in a poor block of London the experience found its reflection in the 1st novel. During World War, Maugham volunteered for the Red Cross, and was stationed in France for a period. There he met Gerald Haxton (1892-1944), an American, who became his companion. Disguising himself as a reporter, Maugham served as an espionage agent for British Secret Intelligence Service in Russia in 1916-17, but his stuttering and poor health hindered his career in this field. In 1917 he married Syrie Barnardo, an interior decorator; they were ivorced in 1927-8. On his return from Russia, he spent a year in a sanatoriumin Scotland. Maugham then set off with Haxton on a series of travels to eastern Asia, th e Pacific Islands, and Mexico. In many novels the surroundings also are international. Maugham's most famous story such as â€Å"Ashenden: or the British agent ’’Maugham died in Nice, a small French town from pneumonia on December 16, 1965. During the war, Maugham's best-known novel, Of Human Bondage(1915) was published. This wasfollowed by another successful book,The Moon and Sixpence(1919).Maugham also developed areputation as a fine short-story writer, one story,Rain, which appeared in The Trembling of a Leaf (1921), was also turned into a successful feature film. Popular plays written by Maugham include The Circle(1921),East of Sue(1922), The Constant Wife1926) and the anti-war play,For Services Rendered (1932). In his later years Maugham wrote his autobiography,Summing Up (1938) and works of fiction such as The Razor's Edge (1945),Catalina (1948) and Quartet (1949). After the 1930s Maugham's reputation abroad was greater than in England.Maugha m once said,†Most people cannot see anything, but I can se what is in front of my nose with extreme clearness;the greatest writers can see through a brick wall. My vision is not so penetrating. †His literaryexperiences Maugham collected in The Summing Up, which has been used as a guidebook for creative writing. William Somerset Maugham died in 1965 in a small French town from pneumonia. â€Å"I have never pretended to be anything but a story teller. It has amused me to tell stories and I have told a great many.It is a misfortune for me that the telling of a story just for the sake of the story is not an activity that is in favor with theintelligentsia. In endeavor to bear my misfortunes with fortitude. †(from Creatures of Circumstance, 1947) The novel â€Å"The moon and sixpence†Charles Strickland, a good, dull, holiest, plain man who is a conventional stockbroker. He is probably a worthy member of so ciety, a good husband and father, an honest broker, but he abandoned his wife and two nice looking and healthy children, a boy and a girl. A supposition is putforth: Charles walks out upon his wife to run after some woman.A friend of Strickland is sent to Paris to find out who the woman is and if possible to persuade him to come back to his wife. After a long talk with Strickland, the man understands that the real reason that inspires him to run away is not woman. He decided to be a painter. Living in Paris, Strickland comes into contact with a Dutch painter, Dirk Strove . Strove is presented as an antipode to Strickland. Strove is a kind hearted man but a bad painter. He is the first to discover the real talent of Strickland. When Strickland falls seriously ill, it is Strove who comes to help.Strove persuades his wife to let him bring the artist home to look after him. To his surprise, his wife falls inlove with Strickland who she holds in disgust. Later his wife, a housemaid rescued by Strove, kills herself by drinking acid after Strickland leaves her. What Strickland wants from Blanche is not sexual relation but the nude picture of her beautiful figure. Leaving France for Tahiti, Strickland is in search of a world of his own. In Tahiti, he marries a native girl Ata and he has about three years of happiness. He has two children. Strickland contracts leprosy and later becomes blind.He wants to leave the family but Ata doesn’t let him do it. His eyesight gets worse but he continues painting. Ata couldn’t go to the town and buy canvases; he uses the walls of his house. Strickland gets rid of some strong irresistible obsession imprisoning his soul with the help of those paintings. He has achieved what he longs for on this land. He has painted his masterpiece. Knowing that he is going to die, he makes his wife promise to burn down his masterpiece after his death in fear that it will be contaminated by the commercial world of money.Two themes revealed in the novel â€Å"The moon and sixpence†1. The revolt of an individual against the well- established conventions of bourgeois society In many of his stories, Maugham reveals to us the unhappy life and the revolt against the set social order. The Moon and Sixpence was written in this line. It is a story of the conflict between the artist and the conventional society based on the life of a painter. The revolt of an individual against the well-established conventions of bourgeois society was shown in the following two aspects: 1. 1. Money worship societyThe bourgeois society with its vices such as: snobbishness money worship, pretense, self-interest†¦made their profit of the frailties of mankind. To them, money was a useful tool to dominate both economics and politics. Money also helped the bourgeois maintain their regal life and it connected the members in family, on the other hand, husban d had obligated to support his wife and children for whole his life. Therefore, the last generations of the bourgeois forced the young generation to continue their domination. It was mentioned in the conversation betweenStrickland and his friend. I rather wanted to be a painter when I was a boy, but my father made me go into business because he said there was no money in art†. In this society, art was non-profitable. Therefore, it must be looked down upon. In their  point of view, art was nothing more than just a job to earn money. They did not see the beautiful things that art brings. When Strickland decided to follow in his father's footsteps, his dream and aspiration were hidden on the bottom of his heart. After working hard for ages, he became a prosperous stockbroker. He is probably a worthy member of society.However, there is in streets of the poor quarters a thronging vitality which excites the blood and prepares the soul for the unexpected. It w as actually happened in Paris, because Strickland gave up the luxury life and got acquainted with hard life just only wanted to fulfill a long-cherished dream. He had to give up his dream to follow his father’s wishes. â€Å"I want to paint. †â€Å"I’ve got to paint. †The brief answer expressed his willingness to get out of ideology ties which were imposed by his father. And his hand and mind would express his big dream by painting masterpieces. I couldn’t get what I wanted in London. Perhaps I can here. †â€Å"I tell you I’ve got to paint. †The author said that â€Å"I seemed to feel in him some vehement power that was struggling within him, it gave me the sensation of something very strong, overmastering, that held him†And Strickland cannot have a comfortable life any more. â€Å"I haven’t any money. I’ve got about a hundred pounds. †We could probably see it through St rickland’s appearance when he came to Paris. â€Å"Sitting there in his old Norfolk jacket and his unnourished bowler, his trousers were baggy, ishands were not clean; and his face, with the red stubble of the unshaved chin, the little eyes, and the large, aggressive nose, was uncouth and coarse. †1. 2 Family and social responsibilities Painting is not only a ‘dreamy moon’ of Strickland but also of many progressive people in bourgeois society. According to bourgeois concepts, all the men have to be responsible for hisfamily and children. He’s forced to have a strong connection with what is considered to belong tohim. Strickland’s life is tied tightly down to family’s contract. However, all that sort of thingsmeans nothing at all to him.He doesn’t let those reasons impact on his way chasing his passion any longer. It can be obviously proved through the conversation between two men, Strickland and the author, in ch apter II of the novel. ‘Hang it all, one can’t leave a woman without a bob. ’ ‘Why not? ’ ‘How is she going to live? ’ ‘I’ve supported her for seventeen years. Why shouldn’t she support herself for a change? ’ ‘Let her try. ’ ‘Don’t you care for her anymore? ’ ‘Not a bit’ When Strickland talks about his children, his attitude is revealed to be heartlessly scornful. ‘They’ve had a good many years of comfort. It’s much more than the majority of children have. Dirk Stroeve was one of those unlucky persons whose most sincere emotions are ridiculous. †On the nature of art â€Å"Why should you think that beauty, which is the most precious thing in the world, lies like a stone on the beach for the careless passer-by to pick up idly? Beauty is something wonderful and strange that the artist fashions out of the ch aos of the world in the torment of his soul. And when he has made it, it is not given to all to know it. To recognize it you must repeat the adventure of the artist. It is a melody he sings to you, and to hear it again in your own heart you want knowledge and sensitiveness and imagination. Besides, somebody will look after them. When it comes to the point, the Mac Andrews will pay for their schooling. ’ ‘I like them all right when they were kids, but now they’ve growing up I haven’t got any particular  feeling for them. ’  He totally gives up on his own family, children and thinks that they could live by themselves without his care. Even if they can’t make arrangement for their life, his relatives might come to help. Strickland also doesn’t mind what people loathe and despise him. ‘Everyone will think you a perfect swine. ’ ‘Let them. ’ ‘Won’t it mean anything to you that people loathe and despise you?  ‘No’ ‘You don’t care if people think you an utter black-guard? ’ ‘Not a damn. ’  He really doesn’t care any longer. ‘You won’t go back to your wife? ’ ‘Never’ ‘You don’t care if she and your children have to beg their bread? ’ ‘Not a damn. ’  He does everything: abandoned wife and children; left his successful career behind just because he totally hates that gloomy society and its old customs. Only by a short conversation between two men, the author already describes the strongly reactive mind of Strickland, a man who dares to stand up and fight over the old customs of that boring society and bourgeois.Regarding to Strickland’s point of view, his escape is the only decision; it’s also the solution to release his imprisoning mind. He doesn’t regret or be ash amed of what he’s done. He accepts the eyes of society because he doesn’t care. Actually, it’s never ever meant anything to him. The only thing that he really cares is his mind right now freely to follow anddo everything he ever dreams of in his own ‘dreamy moon’. 2. No rooms for trivial and ordinary pleasures of life in Great Art 2. 1 Sacrifice everything to be an artist. At the beginning, the stockbroker Strickland had a stable life with happy family.However,when he started to chase his path as an artist, he had to experience a poor situation. Moreover, he was willing to get rid of everything to be an artist. Great art don’t depend on age as long as you have real passion. Even though at the age of fortyâ€Å"the chances are a million to one†, Stricklandstill wants to be a painter. â€Å"I can learn quicker than I could when I was eighteen†, said he. He wanted to be a painter when he was a boy but his father didn’t allow him. His father consumed that there was money in art. Therefore, he had to give up his passion for such a long time. However, his fire for art wasn’t stamped out.And this was the perfect time for him to implement his dream again. On his way chasing that dream, he had to sacrifice everything. He passed by the material and the sensual to fulfill spiritual needs. He got rid of a happy family with acomfortable life to go to Paris and lived in destitute life there Although he knew that his family needed him and they had to suffer difficulties in life without him, he didn’t intend to change his mind and he accepted to be considered as a selfish man. He understood that his action weren’t highly appreciated; however, he still wanted to pursue art in his own way.Strickland accepted to live in a bad condition, without money, job, food and at last he found a Shelter at a hot el. Afterward, despite the fact that he got a serious disease and became blinded; he still tried to fulfill his masterpiece on the walls of his house. During the first daysstaying in Paris, he only found a cheap hotel to live. He appeared with such a miserable, untidy image. â€Å"He sat there in his old Norfolk jacket and his unnourished bowler, his trousers werebaggy, his hands were not clean; and his face, with the red stubble of the unshaved chin, the littleeyes, and the large, aggressive nose, was uncouth and coarse.His mouth was large; his lips wereheavy and sensual. †He desired to paint. He repeated his speech many times when answering his friend. â€Å"I want to paint. †â€Å"I’ve got to paint†â€Å"I tell you I have to paint†. 2. 2. Strickland protects Beauty and Art. Art is very pure. It can not be measured by the value of money or sexual relation. Stricklandstruggled to abandon his appetence for art. â₠¬Å"Let me tell you. I imagine that for months the matter never comes into your head, and you’re ableto persuade yourself that you’ve finished with it for good and all.You rejoice in your freedom, and  you feel that at last you can call your soul your own. You seem to walk with your head among the stars. And then, all of a sudden you can’t stand it any more, and you notice that all the time your  feet have been walking in the mud. And you want to roll yourself in it. And you find some woman,coarse and low and vulgar, some beastly creature in whom all the horror of sex is blatant, and you fall upon her like a wild animal. You drink till you’re blind with rage. †He assumed that as an artist he shouldn’t have trivial fun such as desire of women.For Strickland, woman is like an invisible rope tightening his life. It is very hard to escape from them. Therefore, he tried to avoid it. He was willing to give her up as well as his unsatisfactory painting. He did everything to be a true artist even though it made him become acruel man. Finally, he achieved what he wanted. He created a masterpiece. It was worth what he’d spent. He devoted all his life to pursue art. As an artist, he didn’t care about fame or wealth. He painted pictures only to satisfy his love to art. He never sold his pictures to get money.He did not toaccept his masterpiece to be contaminated by the commercial world of money. His dream was very beautiful III. Conclusion Based on the life of Paul Gauguin, â€Å"The Moon and Sixpence†is W. Somerset Maugham'sode to the powerful forces behind creative genius. Charles Strickland is a staid banker, a man of wealth and privilege. He is also a man possessed of an unquenchable desire to create art. As Strickland pursues his artistic vision, he leaves London for Paris and Tahiti, and in his quest makes sacrifices that lea ve the lives of those closest to him in tatters.Through Maugham's sympathetic eye Strickland's tortured and cruel soul becomes a symbol of the blessing and the curse of transcendent artistic genius, and the cost in human’s lives it sometimes demands. Topic 2: Impression of characteristic THE ANALYSIS OF STRICKLAND CHARACTER 1. Strickland as an ordinary man 1. 1 Strickland is irresponsible inconsiderate toward his wife Strickland used be a good husband to his wife. Actually, he owns a happy family and goodeconomic condition. For many people, Strickland is good businessman and has good status insociety.However, he suddenly abandoned his wife and went another place. Strickland leaved his wife and children behind without a word. His leaving makes her very miserable and she had asuspicion that he run away with other women. His wife- Army is a pleasant hospital woman. Strickland can’t find any reasons which belong to Arm to leave her. When Army sends him many letters to persuade him to come back, Strickland doesn’t read any letters from her. It meansthat he doesn’t concern anything related to his wife. When making conservation with friend sent to persuade him, Strickland expresses a coollyattitude to his wife. I can not describe the extraordinary callousness with which he made this reply†Although Strickland acknowledged his action, he still does like that. Has she deserved that you should treat her like that? NoThen, isn’t it monstrous to leave her in this fashion after seventeen years of married life withouta fault to find with her Monstrous†Abandoning wonderful wife is faulty. However, letting a woman without a bob is more pitiless. He also knows before that his wife and children will have to suffer difficulties in life withouthim. But he still leaves them to pursue his aim. Hang it all, one can’t leave a woman without a bobWhy not? Don’t you care for her any more? N ot a bit†Strickland does not try thinking whether a weak woman can live without support from man;especially she has to nurse two children. They don’t know what they should do in order to support their life and what will wait for them in the future. He supposed that he no longer haveany responsibility to his family and all things that he did before be enough. 1. 2 Strickland is irresponsible selfish father Strickland does not want to take any responsibility to his children. His children are very youngand innocent.They have never done any harm to Strickland. â€Å"Damn it all. There are your children to think of. They’ve never done you any harm. They didnot ask to be bought in to the world. If you chuck everything like this, they’ll be thrown on thestreet. They have had a good many years of comfort. It’s much more than the majority of childrenhave. Besides, somebody will look after them. When it comes to the point, the Mac Andrewswill pay for t heir schooling†. How can children live without support from their father? He did not care about his children anymore, even though they could be thrown out in the street. Read also: Moon By Chaim PotokFor many people, rearing children isvery holly duty and happiness. For children, father is the material and spiritual favor. It is very poor for children when he entrusts them to the care of Mac Andrews. Especially, Strickland thought that he did not have any special feeling to his children. For many men, children are always very special and take really important part in their emotional life. Strickland only had special feeling to his children when they were small. When they grow up, heno longer loves them. It seems that the nature of a father in Strickland has disappeared. He became an unemotional father. 1. Strickland is ungrateful to his friend Dirk Strove is a very kind- hearted person. Dirk Strove is the person who recognizes the talentof Strickland and helps him everything in bad days. When Strickland falls seriously ill, it isStrove who comes to help. Strove persuades his wife to let him bring the artist home to look after. St rickland must have gratitude all the things that Strove had done for him. On the other hand, Strickland has an adulterous affair with his best friend’s wife. Moreover, Strickland justwants to take use of her body for the nude picture and causes the death of Strove. 2. Strickland as an artist . 1 Strickland is a really passionate painter .He compares his passion to paint is like the desire to breath. He abandoned his wife andchildren to pursuit his dream of painting. He gives up a happy life to go strange place to learn painting. He gets divorced with his wife without any reasons and lets his children alone to devotefor art. â€Å"I have got to paint†is repeated four times in conservation with the friend. It means thatthe desire to paint is full of in his head all the time. When family’s friend is sent to persuade Strickland, he used all the tactics and arguments tochange Strickland’s decision.However, Strickland still expresses a con sistent attitude to allarguments. Strickland believes that his wife could take care of herself and also is ready to provide all necessary background for her to divorce. His children can grow without his support. Strickland reckons that it is the high time for him to realize his dream. For Strickland, painting is the air of life, an interest. The painting is all. He does not concernabout all the worst things people can think about him. â€Å"Everyone will think you are perfect swineLet themWon’t it mean anything to you to know that people loath and despise you?No†Short answers contain a terrible determination. It seems that the art is the only meaningful thingto him now. The passion of painting is covering all his body and will. Behind the dull appearance, Strickland has the true passion to art. Strickland- a man with old Norfolk jacket, unnourished bowler, his trouser was bagging, his hand were not clean, his facewith red stubble of the unsaved chin, little eye, the large aggressive nose, his mount large and hislip were heavy and sensual. On the surface, he was not born for art. The rude and sensualappearance is completely contrary to deep passion on art and artist soul.The narrator feels powerful desire to paint in his voice and vehement power. There is strong struggle between willand passion inside this man. Strickland decides to leave all his family and material values, loveand lust behind to scarify for art. Strickland accepts a poor life to devote for art and passion. From a prosperous stockbroker,Strickland became a poor man for only reason of being a painter. He can live in cheap hotel withabout hundred pounds to learn painting. When coming Tahiti, Strickland marries with a nativegirl and lives in forest far away from town. They live in misery. When there was no food to behad, he seemed capable†. It seems that he â€Å"lived a life wholly of the spirit†. All the materialvalues do not have any meaning t o him. He wants to spend the rest of the life painting. He couldsuffer the poorest conditions to draw. Strickland decides to paint at the age of 40. â€Å"Do you think it is likely that a man will do any good when he starts at your age? Most people begin painting when they were eighteen. I can learn quicker than I could when I was eighteen†. The age is one of the most important barriers for Strickland to overcome. People mainly paintwhen they were eighteen.In spite of acknowledging this, Strickland still decides to paint by allmeans. In fact, there is no limitation of age in art. However, Strickland must have had the trulystrong desire to art because it is very difficult and unusual for people to start learning painting atthis age. Strickland had dream of painting when he was very small. At his time, the values of man are measured in terms of money. His father said that there was no money in art and obligedhim to do business. Obeying his father’s speech, Stric kland became a prosperous stockbroker. He owns a happy family and good social status.Strickland does not satisfy with the current life. He feels the life is so boring and not meaningful. After 40 years, the dream of childhood stillobsesses him and wins other things. It seems that the man is cut for painting. At the age of 40,after many years of empty soul, he realizes clearly what he wants, what is important to his life. Panting is the job which he really wishes to do and succeed. 2. 2 Strickland understands the rotten society and he is very brave man who sacrifices for the real art When Strickland abandons his wife and spends all the rest of life for painting, many peoplewould think he is not usual.His action is different from the normal people in society. In the bourgeois society, money is highly appreciated and most of people live for money. They supposethat there is no money in art and artists are not highly evaluated in social order. In contrary,Strickland can give up everything to pursue art. Strickland wishes to paint because of true passion, but not for money. He never sold a single picture and he was never satisfied with whathe had done. In the end, Strickland obliged his wife to burn all his picture and house so that allhis products are not survived for commercial purpose.He has the great art concept and is acourageous man who devotes everything to art. With the endowed talent and passion, Strickland creates the wonderful pictures which containthe great content and perfect beauty. Strickland can go anywhere to find inspiration for his picture. He decides to move from London to Paris, after that he came to Tahiti and live in aforest. Strickland is in search of a world of his own. When he contracts leprosy, he still draws. As he becomes blind, he continues painting until he died. Strickland is worth to be great and realartist. 3. Conclusion For Strickland’s family, he is a bad father and husband.In term of the normal concepts in the society, Strickland is considered to be a selfish person who can abandon all important things to pursue his own passion. Strickland is a real artist and brave man in bourgeois society. He abandons all the normal thingsincluding family, money, social status, moral values to sacrifice for the real art. With deep enthusiasms, Strickland creates the great product and paints until his the last breaths. Hesupposes that the true art should not be contaminated by the commercial world of money. He isthe typical artist who can scarify for the real art in the bourgeois society. Some comments:This is a fictionalized account of the life of artist Paul Gaugin. It's the best fictionalized biography I've ever read. From the moment I learned he's left his wife and children to the death of his mistress, I've been captivated by this intense personality. I'm reminded of Steve Jobs, a heartless man obsessed by work, by a vision. But the most interesting thing so far is the art itself. Th e narrator, a writer, admits that the first time he sees â€Å"Charles Strickland's†paintings, he's disappointed. The oranges are swollen and lopsided. He doesn't have the craftsmanship of the old masters. (And no wonder. He's only been painting for five years. Yet he says to himself, it's because it's a new style. This is key. Would anything ever make it in art if it weren't new? It goes through a couple of stages. Total rejection, then wild acclaim. The narrator is disappointed in himself for not recognizing genius. Only later, after he's seen these works in museums, acclaimed by others, is he able to recognize the hand of a master. It brings to mind Tom Wolfe's â€Å"The Painted Word. †Nothing is art until a story makes it so. And yet†¦ A major character in â€Å"The Moon and Sixpence†is a hackneyed artist who has great technical skill yet paints for the vulgar masses, making a comfortable living.He sees the genius of Gaugin (or in this case â€Å"Ch arles Strickland†) as no one does. He tries to get dealers to take the works though Strickland is uninterested in selling them. This character is the polar opposite of Strickland. He thinks only of others. If it weren't for him, Strickland would have died. Yet he gets no respect. He's other-directed in a world where the inner-directed rule. Yet he's a great judge of art. I can't help concluding that nearly every new style offers something, however turned off we may be initially. But I still prefer representational work to most modern art. The Right TimeThere are some books that walk into your life at an opportune time. I'm talking about the books that send a pleasant shiver down your spine laden with â€Å"Man, this is meant to be! †as you flip through its pages cursorily. Or those that upon completion, demand an exclamation from every book-reading fibre of your body to the effect of â€Å"There couldn't have been a better time for me to have read this book! †N ow, I come from deferred-gratification stock. So books like these, you don't read immediately,. You let them sit there on your table for a while. You bask in the warm expectant glow of a life-altering read.You glance at the book as you make your way to office, take pleasure in the fact that it'll be right there on your table when you open the front-door wearily, waiting to be opened, caressed, reveled in. And when that moment of reckoning arrives, you don't stop, you plunge yourself straight into the book, white-hot passionate. The Moon and Sixpence was just that kind of a book for me. I had just completed (and thoroughly enjoyed) a course on Modern Art in college and could rattle off the names of Impressionist painters faster than I could the Indian cricket team.I was particularly intrigued by Paul Gauguin, a French Post-Impressionist painter, after reading one of his disturbingly direct quotes. â€Å"Civilization is what makes me sick†, he proclaimed, and huddled off to Tah iti to escape Europe and â€Å"all that is artificial and conventional†, leaving behind a wife and five children to fend for themselves, never to make contact with them again. This struck me as the ultimate expression of individuality, a resounding slap to the judgmental face of conservative society, an escapist act of repugnant selfishness that could only be justified by immeasurable artistic talent, genius, some may call it.My imagination was tickled beyond measure and when I discovered there was a novel by W. Somerset Maugham (the author of The Razor's Edge no less! ) based on Gauguin, my joy knew no bounds. I was in the correct frame of mind to read about the life of a stockbroker who gave up on the trivial pleasures of bourgeois life for the penury and hard life of an aspiring painter without considering him ridiculous or vain. Supplied with the appropriate proportions of awe that is due to a genius protagonist, I began reading the book. I have to admit I expected a whol e lot from it.I had a voyeuristic curiosity to delve into the head of a certified genius. I was even more curious to see how Maugham had executed it. At the same time, I was hoping that the book would raise and answer important questions concerning the nature of art and about what drives an artist to madness and greatness. The Book The book's title is taken from a review of Of Human Bondage in which the novel's protagonist, Philip Carey, is described as â€Å"so busy yearning for the moon that he never saw the sixpence at his feet. †I admired Maugham's narrative voice.In his inimitable style, he flits in and out of the characters' life as the stolid, immovable writer who is a mere observer, and nothing more. His narrator defies Heisenberg's uncertainty principle as in observing his characters, he doesn't change their lives or nature one bit. He has a mild disdain for the ordinary life of a householder and relishes his independence. â€Å"I pictured their lives, troubled by no untoward adventure, honest, decent, and, by reason of these two upstanding, pleasant children, so obviously destined to carry on the normal traditions of their race and station, not without significance.They would grow old insensibly; they would see their son and daughter come to years of reason, marry in due course – the one a peretty girl, future mother of healthy children; the other a handsome, manly fellow, obviously a soldier; and at last, prosperous in their dignified retirement, beloved by their descendants, after a happy, not unuseful life, in the fullness of their age they would sink into the grave. That must be the story of innumerable couples, and the patter of life it offers has a homely grace.It reminds you of a placid rivulet, meandering smoothly through green pastures and shaded by pleasant trees, till at last it falls into the vasty sea; but the sea is so calm, so silent, so indifferent, that you are troubled suddenly by a vague uneasiness. Perhaps it is only a kink in my nature, strong in me even in those days, that I felt in such an existence, the share of the great majority, something amiss. I recognized its social value. I saw its ordered happiness, but a fever in my blood asked for a wilder course. There seemed to me something alarming in such easy delights.In my heart was a desire to live more dangerously. I was not unprepared for jagged rocks and treacherous shoals if I could only have change – change and the excitement of the unforeseen. †In Maugham's hands, Gauguin becomes Charles Strickland, an unassuming British stockbroker, with a secret unquenchable lust for beauty that he is willing to take to the end of the world, first to Paris and then to remote Tahiti. He is cold, selfish and uncompromising in this quest for beauty. â€Å"The passion that held Strickland was a passion to create beauty. It gave him no peace. It urged him hither and thither.He was eternally a pilgrim, haunted by a divine nostalgia, an d the demon within him was ruthless. There are men whose desire for truth is so great that to attain it they will shatter the very foundation of their world. Of such was Strickland, only beauty with him took the place of truth. I could only feel for him a profound compassion. †However words such as these serve to romanticize Strickland's actions which at first glance, remain despicable. (view spoiler)Maugham paints him as a rogue loner, an unfathomable apparition, compelled to inhuman acts by the divine tyranny of art. He lived more poorly than an artisan. He worked harder. He cared nothing for those things which with most people make life gracious and beautiful. He was indifferent to money. He cared nothing about fame. You cannot praise him because he resisted the temptation to make any of those compromises with the world which most of us yield to. He had no such temptation. It never entered his head that compromise was possible. He lived in Paris more lonely than an anchori te in the deserts of Thebes. He asked nothing from his fellows except that they should leave him alone.He was single-hearted in his aim, and to pursue it he was willing to sacrifice not only himself – many can do that – but others. He had a vision. Strickland was an odious man, but I still think he was a great one. †In these beautiful words he describes Strickland's strange homelessness and suggests a reason for his subsequent escape to Tahiti. â€Å"I have an idea that some men are born out of their due place. Accident has cast them amid strange surroundings, but they have always a nostalgia for a home they know not.They are strangers in their birthplace, and the leafy lanes they have known from childhood or the populous streets in which they have played, remain but a place of passage. They may spend their whole lives aliens among their kindred and remain aloof among the only scenes they have ever known. Perhaps it is this sense of strangeness that sends men f ar and wide in the search for something permanent, to which they may attach themselves. Perhaps some deep-rooted atavism urges the wanderer back to lands which his ancestors left in the dim beginnings of history. Sometimes a man hits upon a place to which he mysteriously feels he belongs.Here is the home he sought, and he will settle amid scnes that he has never seen before, among men he has never known, as though they were familiar to him from his birth. Here at last he finds rest. †By the end of the book, Maugham's narrator somewhat loses his grip over the reader and I could picture him in my mind floundering around the island of Tahiti, interviewing the people who came in contact with Strickland, trying to piece together a story. He finds himself in the â€Å"position of the biologist, who has to figure out from a bone, not only a creature's body, but also its habits. The reader is promised the ineffable, a study of genius and is only delivered an admission of its elusive nature. Also the tone of the novel tends to get slightly misogynistic in places. But I suppose that is more a failing of the protagonist rather than the author. As compensation, Maugham offers delicious crisp cookies of wisdom throughout. In simple lyrical language, he penetrates to the core of the human condition and offers invaluable advice to the aspiring writer, the hopeful lover and the wannabe genius.For its unpretentious, sympathetic and humane portrayal of a deeply flawed protagonist, its quotable quotes and its ironic humour, this book shall rank as my one of my favourite books on the life and development of an artist in search of the unknowable. My Master Maugham I strongly believe that the adjectives one throws around are a barometer of one's sensitivity or at the minimum, one's desire to be accurate. Both of these qualities are indispensable to the aspiring writer because honestly, what is there to writing exceptfresh verbs, evocative adjectives, searing honesty and an unbounded imagination.Also, that it's easier said than done. In this context, there are moments when I feel utterly stupid and unimaginative. My inner monologues resemble the chatter of teenage girls in their lack of content and use of worn-out adjectives. I mean, awesome and amazing, like seriously? Bleeuurghh!! During such exasperating times, my inner world aches to devour a mouthful of good-looking words in the Queen's English. I head to my dusty book-closet and roughly displace its contents until I find a book either by one of the barons of British literature, a W. Somerset Maugham/PG Wodehouse or a laid-back satire along the lines of Yes Minister.The book usually serves its purpose admirably. It manages to extract me from my predicament by either making me split my sides laughing or by drowning me in a stream of sentences so beautifully constructed that I completely forget my insecurities and start shaking my head ponderously at the writer's virtuosity instead. Coming to the to pic of the writer himself, W. Somerset Maugham is one of my favourite writers in the English language. Being an aspiring writer who's yet to find his voice myself, his novels never fail to stab me with a hopeful optimism. My premature belief, that I can write well, is reinforced when I read Maugham.He never intimidates me or bores me, commonplace sins many writers will have to go to confession for. While reading his prose, he possesses the singular ability of making the difficult art of writing seem pretty doable. This, I've realized with the passing of time, is due to one simple reason. It is because W. Somerset Maugham never shows off! Never! Never does he ramble pointlessly. Never does he merely graze the point instead of hitting it fair and square because he was too busy fooling around with the language. Never! He hits bulls eye with eloquence and a kind of frugal, flowing lyricism.There is always a single-minded purpose behind his writings. It is to spin a mighty good yarn by g etting the point across without making his readers consult a dictionary. He even propounds profundity in a manner that typically makes me re-read the paragraph(and underline it) to admire the economy and ease with which the thought was expressed in words. I find the writing styles of Hemingway and Maugham similar in form, but while Hemingway's writing is austere to the point of being skeletal, Maugham clothes his words until they can be considered passably pretty.For his remarkable abilities, Maugham's opinions about his own writing were always modest. He believed he stood â€Å"in the very first row of the second-raters. † Asked about his method of writing, he simplified it to a matter of keen observation and honest reproduction. â€Å"†Most people cannot see anything,† he once said, â€Å"but I can see what is in front of my nose with extreme clearness; the greatest writers can see through a brick wall. My vision is not so penetrating. †My f avourite excerpts Advice to aspiring writers I forget who it was that recommended men for their soul's good to do each day two things they disliked: it was a wise man, and it is a precept that I have followed scrupulously; for every day I have got up and I have gone to bed. But there is in my nature a strain of asceticism, and I have subjected my flesh each week to a more severe mortification. I have never failed to read the Literary Supplement of The Times. It is a salutary discipline to consider the vast number of books that are written, the fair hopes with which their authors see them published, and the fate which awaits them.What chance is there that any book will make its way among that multitude? And the successful books are but the successes of a season. Heaven knows what pains the author has been at, what bitter experiences he has endured and what heartache suffered, to give some chance reader a few hours relaxation or to while away the tedium of a journey. And if I may judg e from the reviews, many of these book are well and carefully written; much thought has gone to their composition; to some even has been given the anxious labour of a lifetime.The moral I draw is that the writer should seek his reward in the pleasure of his work and in release from the burden of his thoughts; and indifferent to aught else, care nothing for praise or censure, failure or success. †â€Å"Until long habit has blunted the sensibility, there is something disconcerting to the writer in the instinct which causes him to take an interest in the singularities of human nature so absorbing that his moral sense is powerless against it.He recognizes in himself an artistic satisfaction in the contemplation of evil which a little startles him but sincerity forces him to confess that the disapproval he feels for certain actions is not nearly so strong as his curiosity in their reasons. The writer is more concerned to know than to judge. †On the ironic humour of life â €Å"Dirk Stroeve was one of those unlucky persons whose most sincere emotions are ridiculous. †On the nature of art â€Å"Why should you think that beauty, which is the most precious thing in the world, lies like a stone on the beach for the careless passer-by to pick up idly?Beauty is something wonderful and strange that the artist fashions out of the chaos of the world in the torment of his soul. And when he has made it, it is not given to all to know it. To recognize it you must repeat the adventure of the artist. It is a melody he sings to you, and to hear it again in your own heart you want knowledge and sensitiveness and imagination. †B? kh? n kh? ? nha c? a chu c? a minh va ? tru? ng, chang trai Maugham b? t d? u phat tri? n m? t cai tai kheo dua ra nh? ng nh? n xet gay t? n thuong cho nh? ng ngu? i ma c? u khong ua. Cai tai nay doi khi du? c ph? n anh trong cac nhan v? t van h? c c? a Maugham
Sunday, September 29, 2019
Jessica’s Silence Within the Merchant of Venice
Jessica’s Silence Within Shakespeare’s tragic comedy, The Merchant of Venice, one is exposed to yet another one of his works that has an intensely packed storyline full of different characters with their own complex subplots that contribute to the main plot. One of the main characters, Jessica, is daughter of Shylock, who is a wealthy Jewish moneylender in Venice. Shylock is characterized as a villainous type of character within the play, partly because of being a Jew and partly because of his rude and mean exterior.Within the subplot of Jessica and Shylock’s relationship, it is clearly visable by Shylock’s treatment of his daughter that she has become resentful of not only being his daughter, but also of being a Jew. When Jessica decides to rob her father of quite a bit of his money and property through an arranged setup with Lorenzo, the man she plans to elope after the robbery, she takes not only many things worth a great value, but also the ring that h er father had bought her mother.When Shylock learns of his daughter not only deserting him and robbing him, but taking such invaluable and prized possession as the ring, he is utterly heartbroken. After trading the ring for a monkey and marrying Lorenzo, Jessica is faced with a deep moral guilt in Act 5, Scene 1 when exposed to how Portia feels after tricking Bassiano to give the ring away while she was disguised. In Act 5, Scene 1, Jessica is completely silent after Portia and the others enter and they begin to discuss all of the disguise and trickery that had happened.When the men are told that Portia and Nerissa were in disguise and tricked the men of their rings, rings that the men had swore to keep for eternity, Jessica is exposed to how much love and emotion was attached to those rings. One would think that it must have been a shameful kick in the stomach to see past the fog that her love for Lorenzo has caused and realize that the hurt that these women are experiencing is the same pain that her father must have felt when realizing that Jessica, his only flesh and blood, the only person he could possibly love in this world, took one of his most sentimental treasures and traded it for a damn monkey.
Saturday, September 28, 2019
Nursing Practice Act
Nursing Practice Act Being a former nursing student in the state of Pennsylvania I have had the Nursing Practice Act of Pennsylvania. Before this assignment I knew little of the Pennsylvania laws and absolutely none of the state of Florida. Every state has their set of laws, which is referred to the Nursing Practice Act. Every nursing student must have a copy. The nursing practice act ensures that anyone practicing does not fall below the minimum competency and does not present danger to the public, and anyone who does will be prohibited from practicing (Nurse Practice Act, 2007, p. ). Nurses have a legal liability to advocate for patients, and provide safe administration of medications, and provide quality, nursing care to patients without negligence. With this paper I will explain nursing practice, continuing education and it’s requirements, as well as the composition and responsibilities of the state board of nursing. Nursing practice means the performance of those acts req uiring substantial specialized knowledge, judgment, and nursing skill based upon applied principles of psychological, biological, physical, and social sciences (Nurse Practice Act, 2007, p. ). That may sum up nursing but nurses do a lot more. Nurses have a legal liability to advocate for patients, and provide safe administration of medications, and provide quality, nursing care to patients without negligence. They educate the ill, injured, and infirmed. Promote wellness, maintenance of health, and prevention of illness of others. (Nurse Practice Act, 2007, p. 7). â€Å"Advanced or specialized nursing practice†means, in addition to the practice of professional nursing, the performance of advanced-level nursing acts approved by the board.Which by virtue of post-basic specialized education, training, and experience are appropriately performed by an advanced registered nurse practitioner. (Nurse Practice Act, 2007, p. 7). Being a Nurse Practitioner is the closest form of nursing to a doctor. They may perform acts of medical diagnosis and treatment, are able to write prescription, and when approved by the joint committee they can preform an operation. The committee consists of two advanced registered nurse practitioners; three members appointed by the board of medicine, and the State Surgeon general of the department or the State Surgeon General’s designee.All of the acts stated above must be performed under the general supervision of a licensed practitioner (Nurse Practice Act, 2007, p. 7).. (Nurse Practice Act, 2007, p. 7). Once you finally graduate from the nursing program (yay! ) you must take further steps in order to be able to practice. First you need to apply to the department to take your Nclexx. There is an application fee which does not exceed $150. 00, an examination fee set by the board which does not exceed $75. 00, and finally the actual per applicant cost to the department for purchase of the exam from the National Council of State Bo ards of Nursing.Next you will have to provide sufficient information on or after October 1, 1989, which must be submitted by the department for a statewide criminal records correspondence check through the Department of Law Enforcement. You must be in good mental and physical health, is a recipient of a high school diploma or the equivalent, and has completed the requirements for graduation from an approved program, or its equivalent as determined by the board, for the preparation of registered nurses or licensed practical nurses, whichever is applicable.Courses successfully completed in a professional nursing program, which are at least equivalent to a practical nursing program, may be used to satisfy the education requirements for licensure as a licensed practical nurse. You have be able to communicate in the English language, which may be determined by an examination given by the department. Finally, Each applicant who passes the examination and provides proof of meeting the educ ational requirements specified in subsection shall, unless denied pursuant to s. 64. 018, be entitled to licensure as a registered professional nurse or a licensed practical nurse, whichever is applicable. (Nurse Practice Act, 2007, P. 9). In any field of work there is a code of conduct. If you choose to stray away from the rules it can lead to disciplinary action; denial, suspension, or even revocation of a license. A thing we are seeing a lot of any more is sexual misconduct in the work place. Nurse-patient relationship is founded on mutual trust.Sexual misconduct in the practice of nursing means violation of the nurse-patient relationship through which the nurse uses said relationship to induce or attempt to induce the patient to engage, or to engage or attempt to engage the patient, in sexual activity outside the scope of the practice or the scope of generally accepted examination or treatment of the patient. Sexual misconduct in the practice of nursing is prohibited. The follow ing acts constitute grounds for denial of a license or disciplinary action, as specified in s. 56. 072(2):? Making or filing false reports or records; false, misleading, or deceptive advertising; unprofessional conduct; Engaging or attempting to engage in the possession sale or distribution of controlled substances set forth in chapter 893; Being irresponsible and unable to practice without reasonable skill and safety to patients due to illness or use of alcohol, drugs, narcotics, or chemicals, or any other type of material as a result of any mental or physical condition.Failing to report to the department anyone who the licensee knows is in violation of this part or to the rules of the department or the board, violating while being aware of any provision of the board or the departments or lawful order of the board, or failing to comply with a lawfully issued subpoena of the departments. Failing to report any licensee who the nurse knows has violated the grounds for disciplinary act ion, failing to meet the standards for acceptable and prevailing nursing practice. The board may deny licensure against any applicant or licensee who is found guilty of violating any provision of subsection 1.The board will not reinstate the license of a nurse until a person is capable of safely engaging in the practice of nursing. The board shall not reinstate the license of a nurse who has been found guilty by the board on three separate occasions of violations. The board shall by rule establish guidelines for the disposition of disciplinary cases involving specific types of violations. Such guidelines may include minimum and maximum fines, periods of supervision or probation, or conditions of probation or reissuance of a license. Nurse Practice Act, 2007, P. 14-15). The one thing I love about nursing is all of the advancements and the almost endless continuing education. Continuing education is defined as planned offerings designed to enhance learning and promote the continued de velopment of knowledge, skills, and attitudes consistent with contemporary standards for nursing practice. It is also important for nurses to be up to date with all of with all of the advancements in the medical field with technology and all of the new medicine the keeps coming out.Each licensed nurse, upon request, has to submit proof satisfactory to the Board of participation in appropriate continuing education. During each two years one contact hour must be earned for each calendar month of the licensure cycle. Any person licensed by examination within a two year period are exempt from the continuing education requirement for those two years; however, this exemption or limitation if you will, will only apply if the license is renewed in a timely manner at the end of the two years and does not apply if the license is suspended, revoked or is inactive at the end of the two years.Any nurse who is also licensed as a practical nurse may satisfy the continuing education requirements fo r renewal of both licenses by completing appropriate continuing education for a registered nurse. A license is also exempt from continuing education requirements at the time of renewal if the licensee was on active duty with the Armed Forces within six months of the renewal date. However, short periods of duty such as summer of weekend drills do not count. Duty in the U. S. Public Health Service is not considered duty in the Armed Forces.A nurse who is married to a member of the Armed Forces and was caused to be absent from Florida due to the spouses duties can be exempt from continuing education. The licensee must show satisfactory proof of the absence and the spouse’s military states (Nurse Practice Act, 2007, P. 60). The licensee must show satisfactory proof of the absence and the spouse’s military states (Nurse Practice Act, 2007, P. 60). The content of the education shall be specifically designed to meet the objectives and the stated level and learning needs of th e participants.The education should reflect the professional educational needs for the learner in order to meet the health care needs of the consumer. All of the offering contact hours will be at least 50 minutes in length or one contact hour. The hours will be awarded for clinical as well as classroom education (Nurse Practice Act, 2007, P. 62). Besides the basic nurse professional continuing education, there are specific areas a nurse is required to have continuing education in such as HIV/AIDS, Domestic Violence, Medical Errors, and End of life (Nurse Practice Act, 2007, P. 65-66).Every nursing school has their own requirements. For instance some use the TEAS entrance exam while others use the NET test or HESI. The nursing program shall have a written plan for the systematic evaluation of the total program and its outcomes for the purpose of determining competency, adequacy and effectiveness. The parent institution has to provide financial and administrative support and resources to the nursing program such as classroom space, labs, and office space. The faculty-student ratio shall be at a maximum ratio of 1:12 in community-based learning experience setting.The nursing program shall admit students to the program based upon the number of faculty, available educational facilities and resources, and the availability of clinical learning experiences for the student. It shall provide written policies for admission, readmission, transfer, advanced placement, promotion, graduation, withdrawal, or dismissal to the student shall be consistent with those for students in the parent institution and acceptable educational standards. (Nurse Practice Act, 2007, P. 39).The Board of Nursing is created within the department and shall consist of 13 members to be appointed by the Governor and confirmed by the Senate. Seven members of the board must be registered nurses who are residents of this state and who have been engaged in the practice of professional nursing for at leas t 4 years, including at least one advanced registered nurse practitioner, one nurse educator member of an approved program, and one nurse executive. These seven board members should be representative of the diverse areas of practice within the nursing profession.In addition, three members of the board must be licensed practical nurses who are residents of this state and who have been actively engaged in the practice of practical nursing for at least 4 years prior to their appointment. The remaining three members must be residents of the state who have never been licensed as nurses and who are in no way connected with the practice of nursing. No person may be appointed as a lay member who is in any way connected with, or has any financial interest in, any health care facility, agency, or insurer.At least one member of the board must be 60 years of age or older. As the terms of the members expire, the Governor shall appoint successors for terms of 4 years, and such members shall serve until their successors are appointed. (Nurse Practice Act, 2007, P. 9). Throughout this paper I have learned so much more than I had expected. The Nursing Practice Act is so important in so many ways. You have to work hard and maintain that hard work throughout a nursing career.Myself as well as the rest of the nursing students will use this book not as coffee table decoration but as a guide for our journey of becoming nurses. Nursing is an art: and if it is to be made an art, it requires as exclusive a devotion, as hard a preparation, as any painter’s or sculptor’s work: for what is the having to do with dead canvas or cold marble, compared with having to do with the living spiritâ€â€the temple of God’s spirit? It is one of the Fine Arts; I had almost said, the finest of Fine Arts. †(Nightingale) Reference Page Nurse Practice Act, F. S. 456 (2007)
Friday, September 27, 2019
Mental health case analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words
Mental health case analysis - Assignment Example .......................................8 Signs..........................................................................................................8 Formulation of Intervention Strategy....................................................................9 Implementation and Interprofessional Elements of the Treatment.......................10 Evaluation and Monitoring of Solutions...............................................................11 Conclusion............................................................................................................12 References.............................................................................................................13 Appendix 1............................................................................................................15 Introduction This paper is based on a mental health scenario involving a patient, Kathy. In the scenario, it is apparent that Kathy is going through a mental health crises that has c aused her to resort to the following circumstances: 1. Disruptions in her family life 2. Disruptions in her work life 3. Emotional problems 4. Alcohol abuse 5. Social isolationism. These issues culminated after a series of incidents that occurred to her. She recently lost her mother and prior to her passing, she could not reconcile her differences with her. Due to this, she died without them making any substantial peace. This led to a serious depression which has created the effects listed in 1 to 5 above. This research attempts to diagnose Kathy's problems and prescribe a solution to it based on the framework of public health and mental health. In doing this, the following objectives will be addressed: 1. A critical review of literature relating to public health and mental health relevant to the issues at hand. 2. A discussion on how to diagnose and assess Kathy's problem based on the principles of mental and public health. 3. Formulation of a strategy to help Kathy to overcome her challenges. 4. Evaluation of the strategy and the interprofessional elements involved in solving Kathy's problems. Public Health and Mental Health as a Tool to the Issues The definition of the scope of mental health is not very simple (Simpson, 2009 p3). This is because mental health is something that comes as an abstract form of medical conditions. Its scope spans from behavioural disorders to mental functions as well as other emotional conditions (Tengland, 2001 p1). Due to this, it typically involves the work of numerous health professionals and has always been a kind of 'joint' discipline with numerous players. The responsibility for mental health and in a public health context revolves around psychologists, physicians/nurses/hospital staff and sociologists. Sociologists might be interested in the effect of a mental health situation on the wider society. The case under review, it is apparent that the mental health challenges of Kathy is affecting not only her as an individual, but her immediate family: her children, husband and her work as well as the wider society. As such, mental health is an issue that concerns sociologists and they have an interest in studying it to identify its scope and effect in order to provide the best framework to contain it. Psychologists have the technical responsibility of dealing with mental health cases. They have to tools and resources necessary to diagnose and deal with the mental related cases. Additionally, doctors often deal with complications related to mental health
Thursday, September 26, 2019
In the character of Gatsby, Fitzgerald holds the idea of the American Essay
In the character of Gatsby, Fitzgerald holds the idea of the American Dream up to ridicule. With reference to appropriately sele - Essay Example But when Gatsby returned from the war to New York with riches and a newfound power, he was able to grab hold of the American dream. This dream that became a reality, however, seemed to sell Gatsby short, as he tragically found that his newly acquired wealth and social status - as well as the girl of his dreams, Daisy Buchanan - could not purchase his happiness. In fact, this dream came at the price of his good character, and ultimately, his life. Fitzgerald uses Gatsby in this novel to represent what went wrong with America - a society in the Roaring Twenties that turned its back on morals and integrity to embrace wealth, prestige, parties, immorality and alcohol - ingredients not for happiness and fulfillment, but for loneliness and despair. Fitzgerald begins dismantling the heightened image of the American dream through the character and narrator, Nick Caraway, who often describes and characterizes Gatsby during his quest for Daisy, respect, and acceptance. Unlike most of the other characters in the novel, however, Nick sees through Gatsby’s supposed fulfillment and satisfaction, and does not envy the â€Å"great Gatsby,†who is praised and idolized by the indulgent materialistic crowds that gather at his mansion to party and drink. This lifestyle that society was told to buy into did not appeal to Nick, â€Å"Gatsby turned out all right in the end; it was what preyed on Gatsby, what foul dust floated in the wake of his dreams that temporarily closed out my interest in the aborted sorrows and short-winded elations of men,†(Fitzgerald 6). Instead of seeing Gatsby as a high-paying consumer, Nick sees Gatsby as the one who was being consumed by the price of having to pay dearly to reach his costly dreams, which will ultimately cost him his life. Nick saw through the false promises of happiness to be attained by pursuing and reaching the American dream, and he notes that any satisfaction or happiness gleaned as a result is shallow and short- lived. Early on, the reader witnesses that the ideals of glitz, glamour, prestige, promiscuity, and all the trappings of what became known as the high society in the Roaring Twenties is not what it is cut out to be. Even though Gatsby and the high-brow company he keeps are characterized as living the American dream, the author uses Nick to show the true depravity of those who jump on board to live for this flawed concept. Nick actually calls Gatsby out, telling him exactly what he thinks about those who believe that they have reached the top of the ladder in life, â€Å"They’re a rotten crowd . . . You’re worth the whole damn bunch put together,†(Fitzgerald 162). Through Nick, Fitzgerald shows that Gatsby and all the partying elite with which he surrounds himself are morally depraved - even though they hold themselves up as being above the rest of society (that has not achieved the American dream). Nick even sets himself apart from Gatsby and his wealthy revele rs, noting that virtuous behavior is far from what those chasing after the American dream possess, â€Å"Everyone suspects themselves of at least one of the cardinal virtues, and this is mine: I am one of the few honest people that I have ever known,†(Fitzgerald 64). This statement goes to show that moral behavior in the upper class society on Long
Inventory Management for EMC Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1
Inventory Management for EMC - Research Paper Example Figure 1 indicates that most of the goods are work-in-progress. At the beginning of the year work-in-progress (WIP) represented approximately 39% of the goods in stock, finished goods 25, raw materials 21% and purchased parts 15%. At the end of the period they represent 36%, 28%, 19% and 17% respectively. According to Wong (2006) the first step in determining an inventory situation can be facilitated through the use of ABC analysis. This analysis determines the importance of items and the level of controls placed on them. Using the relative proportions of cost of goods sold for the company’s product line the relative proportions of the different inventory types are shown in Table 1 below. The actual raw material and purchased parts that are used to make the different products in each product line has not been identified but it shows that 37.48% are decorative hardware, 27.25% construction hardware, 25.85% Cabinet Hardware and 9.42% Fasteners. In order to improve the inventory situation at EMC the company should first apply ABC analysis. ABC analysis places emphasis on the value of inventory (Wong n.d.). Focusing on inventory with the highest value can allow companies to assign the necessary resources to achieve the optimum inventory levels and in so doing reduce inventory cost while ensuring that customers needs are met (Wong n.d.). ABC analysis when applied to EMC’s inventory situation will help the company determine the importance of items and the level of controls that should be placed on them. The majority of EMC’s inventory relates to items used in the production of decorative and construction hardware. These could be described as the A items because they are of higher value while those used in the production of cabinet hardware would be the B items, and fasteners - C items. The A items (a combination of decorative and construction hardware
Wednesday, September 25, 2019
Putting The Bully In His Place. Causes, Consequences and Possible Term Paper
Putting The Bully In His Place. Causes, Consequences and Possible Solutions to Bullying - Term Paper Example Bullying involves the infliction of harm on a less powerful person by a more powerful individual or group by way of physical, verbal or psychological means. It is a growing problem in schools that threaten to cause long-term negative effects that victims and bullies may be burdened with all their lives (Hawker & Boulton, 2000). This paper endeavors to study the causes, consequences and possible interventions for bullying behaviors in schools. It is the researcher’s attempt to contribute solutions to this common issue in schools that is shared by many, but not addressed enough, hence the bullying cycle continues. Definition of Bullying Olweus (cited in Nansel, Haynie & Simons-Morton, 2003) defines bullying as aggressive peer-to-peer behavior with three conditions, namely: an intention to harm or disturb the victim; the aggression is done repeatedly and there is an imbalance of power between the bully and the victim. Ayenibiowo & Akinbode (2011) identified three forms of bullying as physical, verbal and psychological aggression. Physical bullying inflicting bodily harm on someone and may involve hitting, kicking, spitting, pushing, taking personal things, etc. Verbal bullying employs the use of mean words and tone of voice to express aggression and may entail taunting, teasing, name calling, threatening, criticizing, humiliating, etc.etc. Finally, psychological bullying is intentionally causing anxiety, stress and fear in a victim to make him or her emotionally unstable and may involve spreading rumors, destroying social relationships, intimidating, making one a target of jokes, etc. Lyznicki et al (2004) claim tha t bullying occurs usually in school. With boys, the bullying is mostly physical and verbal while with girls, relational bullying is usually resorted to and this is more subtle and more difficult to detect. Causes of Bullying Anyone can be a victim especially if he or she is not assertive enough to protect him/herself. However, the bully is the one responsible for inflicting harm, so the problem usually lies with him. There are many causes of bullying behavior. One is frustration at one’s situation. The bully may have learning disabilities that he is having a difficulty coping with while being expected to perform at a required level in school (Kaukiainen, Salmivalli, et al. (2002). Consistently getting poor grades and disappointing his parents may be disheartening and one way he or she expresses such disappointment is through bullying others. The bully may also be abused or neglected at home and needs a victim to express anger and pour out his or her frustrations upon. Another cause may be that the bully is being bullied himself and needs someone to bully around just to maintain the status quo (Esplage, Holt & Henkel, 2003). This way, he or she may feel that power has been regained even though in reality, he or she still feels powerless with the person who bullies him or her. The child may also have a poor or no role model who can guide him to appropriate behavior (Fekkes, Pijpers & Verloove-Vanhorick, 2005). The bullying behavior may also have been learnt from someone who has been a bad influence to him (Turner, 1991). Although in theory, hurting others is known to be an inappropriate but in practice he or she sees people of authority practicing bullying, he or she then imitates it in his or her own life. Finally, the bully may have a conduct disorder which is the precursor to antisocial, psychopathic or personality disorder (Bullying in Schools, n.d.). Ayenibiowo & Akinbode (2011) explain one theory that stimulates
Tuesday, September 24, 2019
Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 17
Research - Essay Example As a result of this, real justice calls for people to suffer for the wrongs they have done, and to undergo suffering that is appropriate for the crime they have done. Each criminal is obliged to get what their crime entails and in case of murderer what that crime deserves is death. The sentencing of murderers to death will also make potential murderers to think twice before committing murder. Capital punishment does neither solve nor contribute to reduction of murder crimes. It is just a portrayal of retribution, and as such, is not a morally punishment. This is evidenced by the fact that majority of the people who undergo this punishment are often associated with unintentional commitment of murder crimes (â€Å"Arguments for and Againsts the Death Penalty†3). For instance, it is evident that majority of the criminals who are convicted of murder do suffer from mental illness. It is also evident that some of the people who are convicted of murder may have committed murder crimes out of uncontrolled emotions. Thus, passing capital punishment to such criminals neither reduces mental illness cases nor controls the emotions of people. â€Å"Arguments for and Againsts the Death Penalty.†Michigan State University and Death Penalty Information Center,(2000): Web. 29 Oct. 2014.
Monday, September 23, 2019
Reading and answer questions 5 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
Reading and answer questions 5 - Assignment Example Following the submission, the court held the VII workplace act that protects employees from workplace discriminations. I agree with the case since human dignity hold at all costs. Moreover, persons of the same sex must not harass each other since such actions reduces the dignity of the harassed and they are against work ethics. Question 2 of 4: IN MEDINA RENE V. MGM GRAND, please paraphrase in your own words the following: (1) the facts of the case (2) the issue/question presented; (3) the holding/conclusion; (4) the reasoning; and (5) if you agree or not with the case, why or why not? RENE V. MGM GRAND presented the question whether the accused should be charged under the under Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, 42 U.S.C.  §Ã‚ §Ã¢â‚¬â€š2000e et seq (Meiners, Ringleb, and Frances 182). The case before that court was that plaintiff’s coworkers harassed him based on his sexual orientation. The Supreme Court determined that the plaintiff was sexually harassed. This judgment was substantial in upholding the humanity at workplace and strengthening ethical conducts at workplace. Question 3 of 4: IN PROWEL V WISE, please paraphrase in your own words the following: (1) the facts of the case (2) the issue/question presented; (3) the holding/conclusion; (4) the reasoning; and (5) if you agree or not with the case, why or why not? This case was also a sexual harassment at workplace. It was a harassment was based subjected to a gay worker. The case was judged under Title VII; however, the standing attorney related it to sexual stereotyping. His workers called him princess while the church called him sinner. Despite the sexual harassments, the court dismissed Prowel’s case (Anzalone 142). This judgment was not appropriate since it was a means of encouraging stereotyping of homosexuality in the society. Schultz’s work dwells on the sexual harassment at work place and the environments that may facilitate such harassments (Gould 166).
Sunday, September 22, 2019
Organization Structure Essay Example for Free
Organization Structure Essay Tips: Or you can approach this way: 1. Briefly introduce the various organizational theories. 2. Mention that you will focus analysing two theories, where examples of principle and practice can be found from the case study, for the purpose of this task. Analyse how organizational theory underpins principles and practice of organizing and management. a. Briefly introduce the various organizational theories (Scientific management, classical administration and etc) b. Analyse in details the various organizational theories in terms of its principles and practice. ( Analysis: 1.Explain what they are, 2.describe their characteristics and under what circumstances each of them may be useful and 3.evaluate their strengths and weaknesses) c. Relate these theories, where appropriate and applicable, to the case study. d. Draw a short conclusion Tips: Or you can approach this way: 1. Briefly introduce the various organizational theories. 2. Mention that you will focus analysing two theories, where examples of principle and practice can be found from the case study, for the purpose of this task.1. Draw the organizational structures for both firms You should be able to see the differences of the two organizational structures: Tall and short hierarchical structure, narrow and wide span of management, specialization by geographic or functions or something else. These diagrams serve as the basis for you to do the following compare and contrast. 2. Compare and contrast the differences of organizational structures between the firms Based on the above diagrams, do the compare and contrast. Compare and contrast means you need to find out: * What are the things similar between the two companies? * What are the differences between the two companies? Sample answer for 2 a. Organizational structure Given the diagram, it is clear that both companies have a formal organizational structure. There are however differences between the two companies. First, Boss Ltd is taller than Agar in organizational hierarchy. (Plagarism is a serious offence. This content can be found at http://btechnd.blogpot.com/) This is due to the structure necessarily to support Boss Ltd’s geographical and product divisions that accommodate 400 more staff than Agar Ltd(Plagarism is a serious offence. This content can be found at http://btechnd.blogpot.com) . In contrast, Agar has a layer reporting hierarchy. Its line of command is shorter than that of Boss Ltd. Second, the span of management, in the case of Boss Ltd, is narrower than that of Agar. That being the case, a stronger degree of decentralised decision making is practised in Boss. Agar’s decision making mainly centralized to the CEO himself.
Saturday, September 21, 2019
Organisational Behaviour of IKEA
Organisational Behaviour of IKEA What is organisation behaviour? It is combination of two different words organisation and behaviour. At first look it seems that it is somehow the way by which organisation behave but it is totally different from this. Organisation means different peoples,persons,individuals join together for a specific goal or purpose of a specific community. And behaviour means study of those aspects which effects these needs thinking motion psychology action within the organisation is called behaviour. George, M and R Jones, G Understanding and managing organisational behaviour ( 5TH. ED). My case study is about IKEA a Swedish company established in 1943. Ikeas founder is INGVAR KAMPRAD the fourth richest man in the world. Its owner is unknown but it is believed that he belong to Kampar family. Ikeas main products are household goods like furnature, kitchen goods, wardrobes and clothes. There are 17 branches of Ikeas in Sweden and more than 310 stores in more than 38 countries. [http://ezinearticles.com/?billionaire-attiributes..modesty:-ingvar-kampard-ikeas-founder-and-owneraid=274361,Thursday2nddec,2010.] 2: MAIN BODY IKEA is a rapidly growing company. It is increasing the number of its franchise and store in all over the world. Its mission statement is: Ikeas mission is to offer a wide range of home furnishing items of good design and function, excellent quality and durability, at prices so low that the majority of people can afford to buy them. [http://www.samples-help.org.uk/mission-statement/ikea-mission-statement.htm] Concept of IKEA is: The IKEA concept is founded on a low price offer in home furnishing. [http://franchisor.ikea.com/showcontent.asp?swid=concept1,Thursday 3rd Dec,2010] Now we are going to discuss that what is the role of our subject organisational behaviour in the success of any organisation and factors that works behind the success of any organisation. Organisational behaviour exist in business and management course is due to the need of those charges with managing people and system at work to inform their thinking as they address the underlying social and behavioural issues that confront them. Critical success factors are the keys and elements which an organisation must look in order to gain success. Or The steps for any organisation to follow for its successful future. Within organisation there are different areas where these critical factors works some of them are as below: Factors related to management. Organisations goals,objectives,mission,strategic successful factors. Individual critical success factors. Cultural critical success factors. Not only these are the factors responsible for the success of organisation but there are a lot of other factor work behind the success of any organisation. [http://rapidbi.com/created/criticalsuccessfactor.html, 5thDec, 2010, 11:00pm] 2.1: There are a lot of factors,ways,key issues, steps that works for the success of any organisation. Just like human body as human body is made up of different cells same as organisation is made up of different type of individuals. More develop is the individual, more effective is the organisation. Team work also a necessary part for the success of organisation. Not only the team but involving everyone in everything is also important. Communication between the team members and between individual and leader is also very important. And if we look toward any organisation by doing SWOT analysis it will also enable us to understand the factor of success. Be aware of the strength and weakness of organisation if any organisation wants to gain success. These two are the internal sources and within the control of organisation. On the other hand also be aware of the opportunities and threats you are facing.Opportunties will enables us to know the ways of making our organisation more successf ul and thereat such as, threat of downsizing,bankcrupting,loss enable us to adopt safety measure before time. But this experience can only b gains by doing swot analysis. C:UsersHomeDesktopswot-analysis-image.png http://www.businessballs.com/swotanalysisfreetemplete.htm(electronically assessed on 10th.dec,2010.) PESTAL analysis is another factor for the measurement of any organisation success or a factor for the success of any organisation. To deal with the political issues is really very difficult rather these issues may be inside the organisation or outside the organisation in your country. If the social environment of any country is not suitable for a successful company then how the company would be able to gain success in that particular country. Environment also include much in the success of any organisation if you are unable to meet the unfriendly environment its mean you are unable to gain success in business. You should be technologically as advance as the other organisations are in the markets so the you can meet competition in market. And being economically strong is another advantage for successful organisation. There is a legal restrictions in any country according to their government so you have to obey all these legal obligations for success for example in united kingdom you h ave to pay tax is a legal obligation .many more according to the law of any country.PESTAL analysis is also a best tool to gain success for any organisation. http://www.oup.com/uk/orc/bin(electrionaclly assessed on 11th.dec, 2010.) After SWOT and PESTEL analysis there are many other important factors which count a lot toward the success of an organisation. Firstly the goals mission vision of any organisation should be clearly defined so that everybody may know the purpose of that organisation like Ikeas have a clear mission statement and concept .Then these mission should be related to the structure of organisation neither the organisation is about car and mission statement is about clothes. It must b clearly related to the strategy and structure of organisation. The structure of organisation should be flexible so the to meet the changes easily and to fit in any circumstances easily.Recuritment is also a very delicate part of organisation that right person is doing the right job. Next step is to identify the root of problem. Where the problem is? The problem is in the organisation or within workers. Then gather the information about the problem and possible solution of that problem. After identifying the problem making a plan for the solution of that particular problem what we called implementation of plan. 2.2: There are a lot of problems in the way of success of any organisation which are created by different means like Competition among management is a major problem. If there is a conflict between management then how would they be able to solve the conflict in the organisation? Conflict among the groups in an organisation. One group tries to take advantages of the weakness of the other group. And to show their priority over the others. Then there is a conflict between the management and the group or the leader of group. Due to the different issues like position,salaery. Conflict between the group leaders. In order to show their efficiency over the other group counts a lot problem in the way of success of any organisation. Absenteeism in another big hurdle in the way of a success full organisation. When the works are not happy with their work this fault occur at that time or when they are not satisfied from their position within the organisation. Competition among employees in another hurdle in the way of success of any organisation. Their competition cast a bad impact on the overall progress of an organisation. Unclear and ineffective strategy not related to the overall organisation is also a big problem in the way of success of organisation. Due to this you are unaware of the real purpose of your work weather the work you are doing is beneficial for organisation or not. If the management is unable to control the whole organisation then it is also very bad for the health of organisation. Development can face a huge problem if the management is not able to control whole organisation. Or if the management is ineffective. If the management is sufficient to meet the need of whole organisation then the other important factor is to identify where the problem is to discover the real area where the problem lies is also a very difficult. After identifying the basic source of problem next step is to make possible steps in order to solve the problem. Look precisely which step to be taken in order to solve that problem. Lack of proper leadership or proper leader ship is another major source of creating problem within the organisation. If the leader is not able to control his group then how he will be able to prove batter for the whole organisation. And if the leader misguide his group from right toward wrong way and not utilize his own and his group ability in positive way then how the organisation will be able to gain progress. Lack of communication between management and leaders and employee is another major reason for creating problem in the way of success of any organisation. Autocratic management where nobody is allow to communicate with the manager directly. And there is a big gap between the management and employee. This type of management is really very harmful for the organisation Hippocratic management. If the organisation is not happy with its manager then there no chance for the growth of any organisation. When somebody works within any organisation it is just like their home their family because they spend more time with that organisation then their family they develop a deep affection with that organisation. And if they got angry how the organisation can be happy. They will feel very unfit in that environment their concentration will divert from their work and it will cast a really negative impact on the organisation. Maslow full name is ANRAHAM HARLOD MASLOW. He is famous psychologist of America. He is famous for human motivation.C:UsersHomeDesktopmaslow.jpg Now by looking at Maslows hierarchy of need concept of unsuccessful management can be more clear to us.Infact the management is not fulfilling these need of employee which are the basic need of all human beings that why the management is not effective. http://www.businessballs.com/maslow.html(electronically assessed on 11th.dec, 2010.) Another huge problem in the way of success of any organisation is environmental impact which is a big hurdle in the way of any organisation. This is not only the inner environment of organisation but the outer environment also creates a bad effect on the development of organisation. Within the organisation this is so because the employee is unable to fit themselves with the environment of that organisation. Different reasons are included in that environmental dissatisifaction.One main reason is the politics which doesnt allows the new employee to fit in the environment of that organisation because they are not willing to accept new entry are due to some other reason maybe they feel that they are having much more ability as compare to that new person so they create problem for that new person which ultimately create problem for the entire organisation. Another concept about the conflict within the organisation is of two types one is functional other dysfunctional. functional conflicts is positive type and though there is a conflict but due to this type of conflict there is no disturbance in the organisation n if this functional type of conflict or you can say this group of conflict face any problem they try to solve it in a positive way obeying the rules and regulation of that organisation and finally solve their conflict without creating any type of disturbance. Then there is another type of conflict which is opposite to this conflict known as dysfunctional conflict. In this type of conflict they use their power in negative way or you can say in order to solve any problem. Not only harmful for them but for the whole organisation and can cause huge destruction for progrees,profit,politics. Buchannan and Huczynki, A. organisational behaviour a introduction/text (5th.ed) 2.3: the next step is how to handle these problems which creates hurdle in the way of success of an organisation there are different methods to handle these problems which are as under: Stephen Robbins outlines the values underpinning most organisation development effort as follows The individual should be treated with respect and dignity or with trust and confident. The organisation climate should be characterized by trust openness and support or we can say open communication and honesty. Hierarchical authority and control and deemphasized or be careful about the feeling of others. Problems and conflicts should be confronted, and not disguised or avoided try to solve the conflicts do not avoid them. (2001, P.553) Everyone within the organisation whatever he or she may be means that whatever may be his or her position in the organisation should feel free to communicate with the senior management. And feel free to express their views and to explain their complains which they are having with that organisation. Due to this communication organisation maybe able to know that where the problem is and how to solve it as soon as possible before then this p become a full problem. Employee must have this assured that their opinion is very important for the organisation and management will pay attention toward what they said and what type of difficulties they face. By doing this we can also reduce the tension in organisation. Friendly and positive attitude toward employees if another source of reducing conflict .by doing this we are caring about employee self respect and developing their confidence which will motivate then in the future and then they will be very useful for the organisation. Electronically resources such as mobile internet can be use for fast conversation its not only join the whole organisation but also enable the management to know the conflict as soon as possible. Then there should be proper strategy to solve the problem. Never try to solve the problem without strategy because it can create more problem and conflicts then to solve the problems without proper strategy http://www.merinews.com/articles/key-to-success-of-an-organisation (electronically assessed on 2nd dec, 2010) Stress is a kind of burden due to which human mind work under pressure. It is mental processes which affect our life to a huge extent. Our mind work under pressure and wrong things occur because of this stress. Because we are unaware of our action because of our mental absence and this divert our attention. Our mind is somewhere else and our body is somewhere else. Our mind due to this stress is not work with our body. This is an individual activity but effect whole organisation. Because if someone mind is work under stress then the person can made mistakes and if individual made mistakes it will disturb whole group and if the group disturb the whole organisation will disturb automatically. Luthons ,F. organisational behaviour . (10th.ed).P376,P408 Working without stress in another factor to solve the conflict if your mind is free from tension at least when you are on work then you will b able to utilize your forces more effectively for the success of organisation. Which you are not able to do when you work under stress. Not everyone within the organisation is able to handle the worse situation. This is an ability not comes through knowledge but from experience. More you go through this type of situation like conflicts disturbances decline of organisation loss to handle these situation it is necessary to have knowledge but how to experience this knowledge is more important than just to have knowledge. You can say how you would be able to implement your knowledge. Or put your knowledge into action. Satisfaction of your customers from your service is also a very important thing which you must keep in your mind in order to remove problem from your way of success. If your customers are satisfied from your products than it is really very favourable to your organisation. At least you are carefree from that thing that you are not going to face any type of difficult from them or we can say you are successful from this point of view. If you will provide good service to the customers good response you will get from them. There should be a give and take relationship among employee and management if they are good with their employee the employee will be more motivated and will work more effectively for the organisation. On the other hand if you provide good customers you will get good response and hence improve the market value of your organisation. If someone is already expert in handling the situation then it is easy for him or her to take a right action in any situation. And if someone is not then he or she act be do the same thing but there is a need of motivation though he/she have knowledge but not experience so it is difficult for them to control the worse situation but they act in a positive way if the seniors motivate them. This is called expertises vs. motivation. According to the contingency theory there is no specific formula that tells us how to behave in a right way in any situation but within the limitation of organisation how to handle the situation and find best solution of that problem. According to the system theory all department of organisation should be interrelated to each other so that we can find where the problem is find the better solution of these problem. These are the key thing which an organisation should keep in mind to solve the problems faced by that organisation. [http://www.cliveshaw.com/improve. html(electronically assessed on1st.dec,2010.) 2:4Globlisation is another aspect which must take into the consideration for a successful organisation. Whole the world has changed into a global village due to which the whole ideas of business is changing and not only the business but also attitudes of different organisation toward each other is changing and fast media is used for business as well. Fast media like internet is widely used due to this gobalisation.Every country has its website. Which not only provide us information about that particular company but also offer online shopping this is so because of globalisation and every organisation wants to beat its competition as fast as possible. IKEA also offer online shopping in order to meet its competitor. 2:5. Managment usually concerned with goal setting resources deployment employee motivation teamwork leadership control and coordination and performance measurement.managment deals with all the criteria mention above. Managment has first to measure the productivity of organisation and then how to pay the workers according to their job within the organisation. By doing this most attention is paid toward more active employee or workers and less attention toward less effective employees and this behaviour reduce their motivation toward organisation because they are already slow and need motivation and here rather then this more attention is being paid toward those who are already working effectively within the organisation so the management should be more concerned toward slow workers then toward fast work. Role of management is to control and arrange the people are such a way that they work more precisely toward the achievement of goals and objectives of the organisation. Setting goal and objective for an organisation is really very difficult .but more difficult than this is to arrange the whole organisation according to these goals and objectives which is the responsibility of manager. Within the span of control of management is scientific to some extent you can say because they have to experience all those experiments which we called in the language of business goals and objectives of organisation and they have to perform these jobs successfully and result of their experiment should be positive. For a successful management there are a lot of keys or factors or ways some of them are as under Clear vision manager should have clear vision of what happened in the past what is happening now and what will be happen in future by doing they will not only have a clear view of past present and future Open communication is also necessary between management and staff. G a Cole, (1995). Organisational behaviour. Management is a practical work you cannot learn it by reading books but practical work will help you to learn more about how to manage thing same is the organisation books can only guide you but books cannot train you. But it is not enough that someone is holding the post of manager within any organisation it is not easy to get this post but what is more difficult is to meet all those objectives which are related to the management which is really a difficult task thats why management is a difficult task. Manager has to play different role at once. he have to meet organisations goals and objectives he has to satisfied all the employees he has to look at the progress of any organization in which he is working. He has to look too many thing or we can say to take care of whole organisation that everything is working on right place in a right way thats why management is called a cornerstone of an organisation that fills every facet of organisation. 2.6: On the other hand not in every part of life there is the need of management or we can say in every field of life there is not any manager post such as in house there is no manager but they still manage house all the household work whatever the type of work it be. Or in school teacher is no manager but they still manage the school there are many example which tells us that the word manager is not necessary for every field of life but management is necessary. The management process is also a very difficult function there is not an office or a chair on which manager have to sit and vary on all his activities but manager have to move thorough out the organisation and look around all the activity within the organization but not only within the organisation but also outside the organisation in the form of competition.Manager has to look all these side very keenly so that the organisation can work more effectively. 2.7: The first and most important challenge of management is how they deal the conflict in organisation and how they beat the competitors in the market. Though managers have to do a lot of other activities but their efficiency is tested by overcoming these conflicts their ability to solve these problems along with the other problems within the organisation and in market. Another important challenge face by the management is to meet the changes. These changes may be due to environment due to culture due to competition due to grouping or any other reason. These challenges are the real test of any management how the management by using its available resources can overcome these difficulties.managment powers and control is tested by facing these challenges and solving within the limitation. 2.8: The basic value of management is to control. This control is of different types. To control all the areas within the organisation in such a way that organisation move toward success then failure. To control conflicts among the employee to control the politics within the organisation. If there is no management within the organisation then there is the disturbance in every part of organisation not only within the organisation but also in downsizes the total impact of organisation in the market. Everyone within the organisation will work according no one is here to control them to have a look on their work which is really necessary for the success of any organisation.Althoug the stress free environment is necessary for the success of organisation but sometime use of power of organisation is also necessary for the betterment of organisation this is the value of management in the organisation. Recruitment and selection of effective educated and experienced employee is also a very necessary part of management. To recruit the right person at right place is a very important decision. Not only experience but knowledge of management is also a necessary part of organisation. Lauri j Mullins management and organisational behaviour ( 6th.ed.) 3: conclusion From above discussion it can be concluded that the necessary part of any organisation are people and without people it is impossible to make any organisation. For the success of any organisation management is necessary and in order to meet difficulties faced by the organisation. And due to globalisation whole the world has changed into a global village and what we need is the individual and time.Management no doubt is a cornerstone for the success of any organisation. In order to move successfully in this competitive environment not only management necessary but to identify the problem in the way of success of any organisation and the possible solution of that problem as soon as possible so that the competitions may not go ahead from your organisation and be able to took your position in the market. Management organisation behaviour problems people are interrelated to each other in this course work. We cannot discuss only one and leave the rest all these aspects are necessary for the success of organisation. And we must have to study all these criteria for a study of organisational behaviour of this coursework. And all these are also related to our case study of IKEA.IKEA must have passed through all these aspects to gain success as it is a growing company in these days.
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